Question

“A” is acellular entity where both capsomers and RNA are spirally arranged. “B” is cellular entity where cell shape is spherical and the DNA is circular. A and B respectively are​

Answer 1

Answer:

A) Virus

B) Bacteria

Explanation:

• Viruses are acellular entities meaning they are biological entities which lack cellular structure.
• As they lack cellular structure, they also lack most of the components of cells, such as organelles, ribosomes, and the plasma membrane.
• Virus are not dead neither they are living.
• Their state lie somewhere in between, they are genetic material enclosed in capsomers (protein) which can't replicate outside the host but once they enter inside host (living organism) they use host machinery to replicate and multiple.

1. Bacteria are cellular entity and they have scattered nucleic material (DNA) coiled into nucleoid.
2. They also have circular genetic material known as plasmid also know as extra cellular DNA. Plasmids in bacteria has special functions like antibiotic resistance etc.

Answer 2

"A" is a Virus and "B" is a Bacteria or an Archaeon.

Explanation:

The myriad of microorganisms in this world can be classified into being either acellular or cellular.

"A" is an acellular entity, and so it could be a virus, viroids or prions. However, prions are misfolded proteins without genetic matter (and hence no RNA) and viroids do not have a capsid (and so cannot have capsomeres). Hence, "A" must be a virus.

Viruses are acellular (non-cellular) with their genetic material enclosed within a protein head. Viral genetic material can be DNA in nature (where the nucleotides are made up of deoxyribose sugar, just like humans) or RNA in nature (where the nucleotides consist of ribose sugar). The genetic matter thus produced may be circular or linear, single-stranded or double-stranded. The viral genome is protected within a covering called "capsid". The capsid consists of protein units or capsomeres. The capsomeres may be arranged as an icosahedron (or cube), a helix (or spiral) etc.

"B" is a cellular entity, and so it could be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. However, eukaryotic DNA is linear. Hence, B is prokaryotic, and so it could be a bacterium or an archaeon.

Bacteria are cellular microbes (hence, they are obviously prokaryotic). The bacteria can be unicellular (where all functions of the bacterium occur within a single cell) or multicellular (where multiple cells occur together to make a bacterial entity, like cyanobacteria). The cell shape can be spherical, rod-like, comma-like etc. Archaea can also take up diverse morphologies just like bacteria. Both their genomes consist of circular DNA. They majorly differ in several other aspects, like cell wall compositions and replication machineries, but since more information is not provided in the question, "B" could be either of the two.