A jar 15 cm long is filled with transparent liquid. When viewed from the top its bottom appears to be 12 cm below. What is the refractive index of the liquid?
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Answer:
In the figure, ray I strikes the surface at an angle less than critical angle c and gets refracted in rarer medium. Ray 2 strikes the surface at critical angle and grazes the interface. Ray 3 strikes the surface making an angle greater than the critical angle and gets internally reflected. The locus of points where ray strikes at critical angle is a circle, called circle of illuminance (C.0.1). All light rays striking inside the circle of illuminance get refracted in the rarer medium. If an observer is in the rarer medium, he/she will see light coming out only from within the circle of illuminance. If a circular opaque plate covers the circle of illuminance, no light will get refracted in the rarer medium and then the object cannot be seen from the rarer medium. In figure, 0 is a small dot at the bottom of the jar. The ray from the dot emerges out of a circular patch of water surface of diameter AB till the angle of incidence for the rays OA and 013 exceeds the critical angle (ic).
