Chemistry, asked by MitaSinha9916, 9 months ago

A molecule in which central atom had ten electrons after sharing

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Answered by ananthu880
2

Answer:

Explanation:The first exception to the Octet Rule is when there are an odd number of valence electrons. An example of this would be Nitrogen (II) Oxide also called nitric oxide ( NO . Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons while Oxygen has 6. The total would be 11 valence electrons to be used. The Octet Rule for this molecule is fulfilled in the above example, however that is with 10 valence electrons. The last one does not know where to go. The lone electron is called an unpaired electron. But where should the unpaired electron go? The unpaired electron is usually placed in the Lewis Dot Structure so that each element in the structure will have the lowest formal charge possible. The formal charge is the perceived charge on an individual atom in a molecule when atoms do not contribute equal numbers of electrons to the bonds they participate in.

No formal charge at all is the most ideal situation. An example of a stable molecule with an odd number of valence electrons would be nitric oxide. nitric oxide has 11 valence electrons. If you need more information about formal charges, see Lewis Structures. If we were to imagine nitric oxide had ten valence electrons we would come up with the Lewis Structure

: This is if nitric oxide has only ten valence electrons, which it does not.

Let's look at the formal charges of Figure  8.7.2  based on this Lewis structure. Nitrogen normally has five valence electrons. In Figure  8.7.1 , it has two lone pair electrons and it participates in two bonds (a double bond) with oxygen. This results in nitrogen having a formal charge of +1. Oxygen normally has six valence electrons. In Figure  8.7.1 , oxygen has four lone pair electrons and it participates in two bonds with nitrogen. Oxygen therefore has a formal charge of 0. The overall molecule here has a formal charge of +1 (+1 for nitrogen, 0 for oxygen. +1 + 0 = +1). However, if we add the eleventh electron to nitrogen (because we want the molecule to have the lowest total formal charge), it will bring both the nitrogen and the molecule's overall charges to zero, the most ideal formal charge situation. That is exactly what is done to get the correct Lewis structure for nitric oxide:

The proper Lewis structure for NO molecule

Free Radicals

There are actually very few stable molecules with odd numbers of electrons that exist, since that unpaired electron is willing to react with other unpaired electrons. Most odd electron species are highly reactive, which we call Free Radicals. Because of their instability, free radicals bond to atoms in which they can take an electron from in order to become stable, making them very chemically reactive. Radicals are found as both reactants and products, but generally react to form more stable molecules as soon as they can. In order to emphasize the existence of the unpaired electron, radicals are denoted with a dot in front of their chemical symbol as with  ⋅OH , the hydroxyl radical. An example of a radical you may by familiar with already is the gaseous chlorine atom, denoted  ⋅Cl . Interestingly, an odd Number of Valence Electrons will result in the molecule being paramagnetic.

Answered by Pooja12sas
2

Answer:In methane(CH4), Carbon is the central atom which is surrounded by four Hydrogen atoms. After the formation of methane molecule, around central atom Carbon there will be 10 electrons. Fullerens are the molecules which contain only carbon atoms. They will be different in shapes. And most of these are similar to Graphite.

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