a) Mutations are beneficial for plant breeding. Taking an example, justify the statement.
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Answer:
a)Mutations, natural as well as induced, are a major source of improvement of crop plants. Incorporation of mutations in a variety is called mutation breeding. In Moong bean, induced mutation helped in incorporation of resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.
b) The technology that made us self sufficient in food production is plant breeding which develops varieties with (i) high yield (ii) dwarf nature (iii) early maturing (iv) positive response to irrigation and fertilizers.
Mutation is the process by which genetic variations are created through changes, in the base sequence within genes resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type. It is possible to induce mutations artificially through use of chemicals or radiations (like gamma radiations), and selecting and using the plants that have the desirable character as a source in breeding. This process is called mutation breeding. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by............