a. Name the different salts that cause permanent hardness of water (any two)
b. How do we obtain demineralised water from hard water after passing it from
synthetic ion exchange resins? Give reaction?
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- Permanent hardness
If this occurs, it is usually caused by the presence of calcium sulfate/calcium chloride and/or magnesium sulfate/magnesium chloride in the water, which do not precipitate out as the temperature increases.
2.During the cation exchange process, H+ exchange for Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and other cations present in water.
In anion exchange process OH- exchange for anions such as Cl-, HCO3- etc.
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