Question

A non-metal A which is the largest constituent of air, when heated with H2 in 1:3 ratio in the presence of catalyst (Fe) gives a gas B. On heating with O2 it gives an oxide C. If this oxide is passed into water in the presence of air, it gives an acid D which acts as a strong oxidising agent.<br />a) Identify A, B, C and D.<br />b) To which group of periodic table does this non metal belong?​

Answer 1

A - N ( Nitrogen )

B - NH3 ( Ammonia gas )

C - NO2 ( Nitrogen dioxide )

D - HNO3 ( Nitric acid )

Group of A is 15 and period number is 2.

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Answer 2

A non-metal A is the largest constituent of air.

Constituents of air are :

$\Rightarrow$ Nitrogen = 78%

$\Rightarrow$ Oxygen = 20.8/%

$\Rightarrow$ Carbon-dioxide = 0.03 %

$\Rightarrow$ Water vapour = 1 %

$\Rightarrow$ Other gases = 0.17 %

→ A = Nitrogen (largest constituent of air)

Non-metal A when heated with $\sf{H_2}$ in 1:3 ratio in the presence of catalyst (Fe) gives a gas B.

$\sf{N_2\:+\:3H_2\:\xrightarrow{\text{Fe}}\:2NH_3}$

→ B = Ammonia

Now,

When nitrogen, is heated with $\sf{O_2}$ then it gives an oxide C.

$\sf{N\:+\:O_2\:\longrightarrow\:NO_2}$

→ C = Nitrogen dioxide

If this oxide (Nitrogen dioxide) is passed into water in the presence of air, it gives an acid D which acts as a strong oxidising agent.

$\sf{3NO_2\:+\:H_2O\:\longrightarrow\:2HNO_3\:+\:NO}$

→ D = Nitric Acid (a strong oxidising agent)

Now,

Electronic Configuration of Nitrogen is $\sf{1s^22s^22p^3}$

So, nitrogen belongs to the 15th group of the period table.