A physician performs a diagnostic laryngoscopy with use of laryngeal mirror. This type of laryngoscopy is called:
Answers
Answer:
Indirect Laryngoscopy
Explanation:
Indirect laryngoscopy traditionally entails the use of both a head mirror and laryngeal mirror. It is the first and most basic successful technique for viewing the larynx, and arguably remains the most commonly used diagnostic method for laryngoscopy today. This article reviews its evolution, from Albucasis’ early applications of reflection and succeeding experiments with refraction, to Hoffman’s design of the head mirror and subsequent modifications with illumination, culminating in Manuel Garcia’s description of mirror laryngoscopy in 1854 and its refinement by Türck and Czermak.
A long with fiberoptic laryngoscopy, mirror laryngoscopy is still the most commonly used diagnostic method by general otolaryngologists in North America to visualize the larynx as of 2012.1 Aside from evaluating dysphonia,1,2 routine mirror examination is the initial diagnostic step for neck node swelling suspicious for malignancy3 and is useful in evaluating vocal fold motion before thyroid surgery.4 The head mirror has even been used for monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy5 and in laser transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy. 6
The headlight or lamp and mirror was still the most available equipment (105, or 99%) in 106 units providing out-of-hours ENT services in England as of 20057 and was also the most basic otorhinolaryngological instrument available to non-otorhinolaryngologist general practitioners in rural areas in Japan, together with an aural and nasal speculum.8
Mirror laryngoscopy traditionally entails the use of both a head mirror and laryngeal mirror. It is more difficult to learn than alternatives such as the headlight. 9 Laryngeal mirror examination may also be less comfortable and cause more gagging for patients, and may provide less complete information for clinicians, than video rigid laryngoscopy.10 Be that as it may, mirror or “indirect” laryngoscopy marked the culmination of centuries of evolution, and remains the mainstay of otorhinolaryngologic diagnosis today. The head mirror itself is iconic not only of the otolaryngologist, but of the general physician (alongside the stethoscope and medicine bag).
This article reviews the evolution of the head mirror and laryngeal mirror examination or indirect laryngoscopy from Albucasis’ early applications of reflection and succeeding experiments with refraction, to Hoffman’s design of the head mirror in 1841 and subsequent modifications with illumination, culminating in Manuel Garcia’s description of mirror laryngoscopy in 1854 and its refinement by Türck and Czermak.