Question

A planar sp3 hybridised molecule having same sorrounding atoms has 18% s-character in a bond. The % p-character in a lone pair of central atom is-

Answer 1

According to Bent's rule, as the substituent electronegativies increase, orbitals of greater p character will be directed towards those groups. By the above, this will decrease the bond angle.

 as bonding orbitals increase in s character, the bond length decreases. By adding electronegative substituents and changing the hybridisation of the central atoms, bond lengths can be manipulated.