A) Read the parag mph and answer the following questions And here are some other amazing facts about honey been, They have a wonderful communication system. The explorer bees tell their sisters about direction and distance of flowers through definite movements which we can call dances. A round dance suggests that the flowers are quite near. The shut the dance suggests that the bees should be ready for a long flight. Certain other movements are used to indicate even the direction of the nectar source of flowers. Now let's look into their eyes. Be have the eyes: two compound ones and three simple ones. The surface of a compound eye of a worl bee has nearly 3000 hexagonal facets whereas drones have about 8000. But surprisingly bees are pou kientifying colours They can identity blue, yellow and white colours only. They cannot see the red dolore 1. What do the explorer bees do? 2. What do different dances of bees suggest? 3. What does the surface of a compound eye of bee have? Are bees colour blind? 5. Find synonym of 'recognize 6. Find one word for 'clearly stated or decided TRUS)
Answers
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The dance language is used by as a patch of flowers). It is most often used when an experienced forager returns to her colony with a load of food, either nectar or pollen. If the quality of the food is sufficiently high, she will often perform a “dance” on the surface of the wax comb to recruit new foragers to the resource. The dance language is also used to recruit scout bees to a new nest site during the process of reproductive fission, or swarming. Recruits follow the dancing bee to obtain the information it contains, and then exit the hive to the location of interest. The distance and direction information contained in the dance are representations of the source's location (see Components of the Dance Language), and thus is the only known abstract “language” in nature other than human language.
The dance language is inextricably associated with Dr. Karl von Frisch, who is widely accredited with interpreting its meaning. He and his students carefully described the different components of the language through decades of research. Their experiments typically used glass-walled observation hives, training marked foragers to food sources placed at known distances from a colony, and carefully measuring the angle and duration of the dances when the foragers returned. His work eventually earned him the Nobel Prize (in Medicine) in 1973.
The concept of a honey bee language, however, has not been free of skepticism.
Several scientists, such as Dr. Adrian Wenner, have argued that simply because the dance exists does not necessarily mean that it communicates information about the location of a food source. Those critics have argued that floral odors on a forager's body are the major cues that recruits use to locate novel food sources. Many experiments have directly tested this alternative hypothesis and demonstrated the importance of floral odors in food location. In fact, von Frisch held this same opinion before he changed his mind in favor of the abstract dance language.
The biological reality, however, is somewhere between these two extremes. The most commonly accepted view is that recruits go to the area depicted in the dance, but then “home in” to the flower patch using odor cues. Indeed, researchers have built a robotic honey bee that is able to perform the dance language and recruit novice foragers to specific locations. The robot, however, is unable to properly recruit foragers to a food source unless there is some odor cue on its surface. Nevertheless, it is clear that honey bees use the distance and direction information communicated by the dance language, which represents one of the most intriguing examples of animal communication.
Bee
Figure 1. Honey bee.
Components of the Dance Language
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At its core, there are two things communicated in a dance: distance and direction. These two pieces of information are translated into separate components of the dance.
Distance
When a food source is very close to the hive (i.e., less than 50 meters away), a forager performs a round dance (Figure 2). She does so by running around in narrow circles, suddenly reversing direction to her original course. She may repeat the dance several times at the same location or move to another location to repeat the dance. After the round dance has ended, she often distributes food to the bees following her. A round dance, therefore, communicates distance (“close to the hive”), but no direction.
Food sources that are at intermediate distances, between 50 and 150 meters away from the hive, are recruited to with the sickle dance. The form of this dance is crescent-shaped, a transitional dance between a round dance and a figure-eight waggle dance (Figure 2).
A waggle dance, or wag-tail dance, is performed by bees foraging at food sources that are over 150 meters away from the hive. This dance, unlike the round and sickle dances, communicates both distance and direction to potential recruits. A bee that performs a waggle dance runs straight ahead for a short distance, returns in a semicircle to the starting point, runs again through the straight course, then makes a semicircle in the opposite direction to complete a full, figure-eight circuit. While running the straight-line course of the dance, the bee’s body, especially the abdomen, wags vigorously sideways (Figure 3). This vibration of the body gives a tail-wagging motion. At the same time, the bee emits a train of buzzing sound, produced by wingbeats, at a low frequency of 250-300 Hertz (cycles per second) with a pulse duration of about 20 milliseconds and a repetition of frequency of about 30 seconds.