a report on Stephen hawking
Answers
Stephen William Hawking (1942 - 2018) was the former Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and author of A Brief History of Time which is an international bestseller. He was the Dennis Stanton Avery and Sally Tsui Wong-Avery Director of Research at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and Founder of the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at Cambridge, his other books for the general reader include A Briefer History of Time, the essay collection Black Holes and Baby Universe and The Universe in a Nutshell.
In 1963, Hawking contracted motor neurone disease and was given two years to live. Yet he went on to Cambridge to become a brilliant researcher and Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. From 1979 to 2009 he held the post of Lucasian Professor at Cambridge, the chair held by Isaac Newton in 1663. Professor Hawking received over a dozen honorary degrees and was awarded the CBE in 1982. He was a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the US National Academy of Science. Stephen Hawking is regarded as one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists since Einstein.
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Answer:
Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 (exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. When Hawking was born his family moved to St. Albans, 20 miles south of London. As a boy Hawking was bad at sports and underweight. Early in his life he developed an interest in complicated games and electronics. He and some other students at St. Albans School attempted to build a computer when they were about 16. They succeeded in building a computer they named LUCE that performed complicated yet useless operations.
In 1958 a computer was owned by almost nobody at home. To build a computer then was considered extremely hard. This project appeared in several British newspapers. The school newspaper "the Albanian" joked that one day all students would carry a LUCE in their pocket. Now most do, a LUCE was an early calculator. Although Hawking was great at electronics his greatest talent was mathematics.
After his five years at St. Albans school he moved on to Oxford. There he studied physics. He was amazing at it. He did work in an hour that took other students hours and hours to do. He once estimated he did only 1,000 hours of homework in his 3 years at Oxford. That comes out to about an hour a day. Most physics students do about 10 hours a day of homework. His fellow or professor at Oxford was Professor Robert Burman, a very talented man. Hawking’s next goal was to earn his Ph.D. in physics at the University of Cambridge. He wanted to specialize in cosmotology.
To earn the right to go to Cambridge he needed to graduate his class with first class honors, or highest in his class. His great abilities in physics were weakened by his poor study habits. After his final exam Stephen was borderline between first class and second class honors. To determine his degree the professors decided to give him an oral exam in which he would have to answer questions asked orally. Most people would be very nervous in this situation, but not Hawking. He passed the test with flying colors. So he went on to Cambridge.
At Cambridge University, he was going to study cosmotology, a branch of physics. Fortunately for him he decided to study theoretical physics, not experimental physics where he would have had to set up a lot of experiments, which he could not have done after he got ALS.
By now Stephen had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS slowly destroys the nerves in the brain and spine. ALS victims usually die within 2-5 years because it destroys the muscles used for breathing which leads to suffocation.
When he was diagnosed with ALS he pretty much gave up his life. He stayed in his room almost all the time. He says life seemed to go by so fast in those first two years. After he did not die after two years he realized he could go on with ALS and his study of cosmotology. Although he was weak he could still walk. After that 2 years he decided he couldn’t waste any time, there were things he wanted to do in his life. Hawking wanted to get married and get a Ph.D. So he was engaged to Jane Wilde in 1965. Hawking said, "It [getting married to her] made me determined to live, to go on. Jane really gave me the will to live." Meanwhile they were having trouble finding a house. Finally they found one. Then he got his Ph.D. and started to work at Cambridge. He was now officially known as Professor Dr. Stephen William Hawking. His health was worsening now.
A neutron star is as heavy as our sun but about the size of a large city. These stars have as much density as all of the buildings in the U.S. packed into a pen cap. On the face of a neutron I would weigh about 1,050,000,000,000 pounds. But there are places with an even greater density. These are called singularities or black holes. They have so much density at "zero" size that light cannot escape from them. The event horizon on a black hole is the outside edge and whatever happens inside the event horizon cannot be seen from the outside. The gravitational pull of black hol