a research scholar has to work as a judge and derive the truth and not as a leader who is only eagerto prove his case in favor of his plaintiff.” discuss the statement pointing out the ethics in research.
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Answer:
- OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures.
The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.
Though each research study has its own specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling
into a number of following broad groupings:
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (studies with this object
in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies);
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group (studies
with this object in view are known as descriptive research studies);
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with
something else (studies with this object in view are known as diagnostic research studies);
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (such studies are known as
hypothesis-testing research studies).
MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
What makes people to undertake research? This is a question of fundamental importance. The possible
motives for doing research may be either one or more of the following:
1. Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits;
2. Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems, i.e., concern over practical problems
initiates research;
3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work;
4. Desire to be of service to society;
5. Desire to get respectability.
6. Curiosity about unknown
TYPES OF RESEARCH
THE BASIC TYPES OF RESEARCH ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. Descriptive vs. Analytical: Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of
different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it
exists at present. In social science and business research we quite often use the term Ex post facto
research for descriptive research studies. The main characteristic of this method is available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material.
2. Applied vs. Fundamental: Research can either be applied (or action) research or fundamental (to
basic or pure) research. Applied research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing
a view to make generalisations about human behaviour, are also
examples of fundamental research, but research aimed at certain conclusions (say, a solution) facing
practical problem, whereas basic research is directed towards
finding information that has a broad base of applications and thus, adds to the already existing
organized body of scientific knowledge.
3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative: Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or
amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity. Qualitative
research, on the other hand, is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to
or involving quality or kind. For instance, when we are interested in investigating the reasons for
human behaviour (i.e., why people think or do certain things), we quite often talk of „Motivation
Research‟, an important type of qualitative research. This type of research aims at discovering the
underlying motives and desires, using in depth interviews for the purpose. Other techniques of such
Qualitative research is especially important in the behavioural sciences where the aim is to discover
the underlying motives of human behaviour.
psychologists.
4. Conceptual vs. Empirical: Conceptual research is that related to some abstract idea(s) or theory. It
is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing
ones. On the other hand, empirical research relies on experience or observation alone, often without
due regard for system and theory. It is data-based research, coming up with conclusions which are
capable of being verified by observation or experiment. We can also call it as experimental type of
research. In such a research it is necessary to get at facts firsthand, at their source, and actively to
go about doing certain things to stimulate the production of desired information. In such a research,
the researcher must first provide himself with a working hypothesis or guess
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