A short note on Hampi with special focus on their importance and decline.
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Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India.[1] It became the centre of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th century.[2] Chronicles left by Persian and European travellers, particularly the Portuguese, state Hampi was a prosperous, wealthy and grand city near the Tungabhadra River, with numerous temples, farms and trading markets. By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal.[3][4] The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of Muslim sultanates; its capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by sultanate armies in 1565, after which Hampi remained in ruins.[2][5][6]
Group of Monuments at HampiUNESCO World Heritage siteLocationBallari district, Karnataka, IndiaIncludesVirupaksha TempleCriteriaCultural: i, iii, ivReference241Inscription1986 (10th Session)Endangered1999–2006Area4,187.24 haBuffer zone19,453.62 haWebsiteArchaeological Survey of India - HampiCoordinates15°20′04″N 76°27′44″E
Located in Karnataka near the modern-era city of Hosapete, Hampi's ruins are spread over 4,100 hectares (16 sq mi) and it has been described by UNESCO as an "austere, grandiose site" of more than 1,600 surviving remains of the last great Hindu kingdom in South India that includes "forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas, memorial structures, water structures and others".[7] Hampi predates the Vijayanagara Empire; there is evidence of Ashokanepigraphy, and it is mentioned in the Ramayana and the Puranas of Hinduism as Pampaa Devi Tirtha Kshetra.[2][8] Hampi continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, an active Adi Shankara-linked monastery and various monuments belonging to the old city.[5][9]
Group of Monuments at HampiUNESCO World Heritage siteLocationBallari district, Karnataka, IndiaIncludesVirupaksha TempleCriteriaCultural: i, iii, ivReference241Inscription1986 (10th Session)Endangered1999–2006Area4,187.24 haBuffer zone19,453.62 haWebsiteArchaeological Survey of India - HampiCoordinates15°20′04″N 76°27′44″E
Located in Karnataka near the modern-era city of Hosapete, Hampi's ruins are spread over 4,100 hectares (16 sq mi) and it has been described by UNESCO as an "austere, grandiose site" of more than 1,600 surviving remains of the last great Hindu kingdom in South India that includes "forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas, memorial structures, water structures and others".[7] Hampi predates the Vijayanagara Empire; there is evidence of Ashokanepigraphy, and it is mentioned in the Ramayana and the Puranas of Hinduism as Pampaa Devi Tirtha Kshetra.[2][8] Hampi continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, an active Adi Shankara-linked monastery and various monuments belonging to the old city.[5][9]
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Hampi fell into ruin following the defeat of Vijayanagara in 1565 by the Deccani Sultans.
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