A side from given examples above,name other ecxamples of organic compounds that can be found at home
Answers
Explanation:
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Types, Rules & Issues
Nomenclature means the system of assigning a name to a compound. The hydrocarbons and their derivatives are called organic compounds. A large number of organic compounds are identified every year and together with the fact that many of these organic compounds are isomers of other organic compounds; therefore, the development of a systematic nomenclature system is a must. Just like every separate compound has an exclusive molecular structure that can be designated by a structural formula, each compound must be given a characteristic and unique name.
Types of Nomenclature
In the case of organic compounds, there are two naming systems:
Common or trivial system
IUPAC system
Trivial System
The trivial or common names are specified based on the source and various properties of organic compounds.
Eg: Citric acid is named, as it is found in citrus fruits.
Characteristics of the Trivial System
In Chemistry, a non-systematic manner or vernacular name for an organic compound is what is known as a trivial system. There are no specific set of rules for the trivial name of the compound. A trivial name is usually a common name, not a formal name.
In this naming system, names are usually common like acetic acid, citric acid, toluene, and phenol, etc. For example, the carbolic acid that we typically find in tamarind is called tartaric acid. But in the IUPAC system, it will be 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-Butanedioic acid.
Issues with Trivial system
1. Chemical properties such as the molecular structure of a chemical compound are not specified in the trivial system.
2. Sometimes, trivial names can be unclear or will indicate different meanings in various industries or in different regions. For example, a trivial name such as white metal can represent various things.
3. There are no standard guidelines for naming complex compounds.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In 1947, the IUPAC ( International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system of naming compounds was first developed. The IUPAC system is a systematic naming system in which the name of a compound correlates to its molecular structure.
The trivial nomenclature system had its drawbacks as mentioned above, so systematic nomenclature was required. Therefore, a rational nomenclature system of organic compounds should provide at least two things. Firstly, it should indicate how the carbon atoms of a given compound are bonded together in the form of chains and rings. Secondly, it should identify and locate any functional groups present in a particular compound. Since hydrogen atom is such a common component of organic compounds, the amount and locations of a hydrogen atom can be presumed from the carbon tetravalency.
The IUPAC nomenclature system is a set of logical rules developed and used by organic chemists to circumvent problems produced by arbitrary nomenclature. With these rules and structural formula, one should be able to write an exclusive name for every distinct compound. Likewise, given an IUPAC name, one should be able to estimate a structural formula. In general, an IUPAC name has three essential parts:
• A root or base indicates a major chain or ring of carbon atoms found in the molecular structure.
• A suffix or other element(s) designates functional groups that may be present in the compound.
• Names of substituent groups, except hydrogen, that complete the molecular structure.