Question

A simple cell cannot be used for a long time, why?

Answer 1

Electrical cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Right from the moment they are manufactured, several processes start where the electrolyte starts reacting with the other components in the cell giving rise to electrons at the cathode. Everything you see in a cell is a part of this reaction, including its outer body. If you connect an appropriate circuit to the two electrodes of a cell, these electrons are used to do the given work like - light a bulb, power an electronic board, run a small motor etc. When nothing is connected to these electrodes the charges still build up and are lost to the environment or rapidly used up by some other component. The reaction never stops, it only slows down or speeds up depending on the temperature or the load connected to the cell. That is why you can squeeze out the extra few Joules of energy from a dying cell by simply rubbing it or slightly warming it up and that is the exact reason why some batteries explode as the reaction speeds up way too fast than usual. When left unused for long duration the electron buildup at the electrodes causes accelerated rusting of the cell body and thus the structure breaks and the cell leaks. The phenomenon of rusting also functions in a similar manner.

The cell is a great example of man's mastery over chemical reactions which is right down to the charges and their movements. Cells are getting better with each day and the ones we use now offer much more life, mobility and energy than the ones that were present about a few decades back. The interesting part is that the fundamental concept of any dry cell type has always remained the same ie. - extract the extra electrons generated in a chemical reaction.

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