A solution contains 1.0 x 10-4 hydrogen ions. How many hydroxide ions does it contain? Is this substance an acid or a base?
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answer:-
HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION AND pH
As hydrogen ion concentration of solutions are a matter of great practical importance, expressing values in terms of 10−7 moles per litre is not very convenient.
Sørensen devised the convenient units of pH (puissance d'hydrogen), strength of hydrogen, or pOH (puissance d'hydroxyl) to overcome this difficulty. pH is therefore defined as the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration or the negative value of the logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration.
But we have said that (H+)(OH−) = Kw
Therefore (pH)(pOH)= −log Kw
Now if (H+)=10−7
pH = log 10−7 = pH 7.0
or (H+) = 10−2
pH = log 10−2 = pH 2.0
It follows therefore that:
A neutral solution has a pH of 7.0
An acid solution has a pH less than 7.0
An alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.0