A solution of an acid with pH 5.1 is given. Which of the following can be done to increase its pH?
i. add distilled water to it
ii. add a solution of a different acid with pH 5.8
iii. add few drops of a base with an unknown pH
A. only i
B. only iii
C. only i and ii
D. any of i, ii and iii
Answers
Answer: A) Only i
Explanation: Adding water to an acid or base will change its pH. Water is mostly water molecules so adding water to an acid or base reduces the concentration of ions in the solution.
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The answer will be D) any of i, ii, and iii.
The pH of the solution is an indicator of the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH depends upon the H⁺ ion concentration in a solution. The more the H⁺ ion concentration in a solution, the lesser will be its pH.
If we add distilled water to the given solution, then its pH will increase the number of H⁺ ions per unit volume will decrease.
If we add a solution of a different acid with pH 5.8, then also the pH will increase as on mixing both the acids the concentration of H⁺ ions will be in between the concentrations in each solution respectively. Here the pH of the given solution is 5.1 and the pH of the added solution is 5.8 so the concentration of H⁺ ions will be more in the given solution. So, the concentration of H⁺ ions will be lesser in the mixture than in the given solution. Thus, the pH will increase.
If we add a base with an unknown pH then also the pH will increase. This is because bases have a low concentration of H⁺ ions. So, in a way, on adding a base the solution will be further diluted.
Therefore all the above-mentioned actions will lead to an increase in the pH.