Question

a solution of urea is isotonic with 12g/L glucose solution. What is the concentration of urea?

Answer 1

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. This amide has two –NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group.

Urea



NamesPronunciationurea /jʊəˈriːə/, carbamide /ˈkɑːrbəmaɪd/Preferred IUPAC name

Urea[

Systematic IUPAC name

Carbonyl diamide[

Other names

Carbamide
Carbonic diamide
Carbonyldiamine
Diaminomethanal
Diaminomethanone

Identifiers

CAS Number

57-13-6 

3D model (JSmol)

Interactive image

Beilstein Reference

635724ChEBI

CHEBI:16199 

ChEMBL

ChEMBL985 

ChemSpider

1143 

DrugBank

DB03904 

ECHA InfoCard100.000.286E numberE927b (glazing agents, ...)

Gmelin Reference

1378

IUPHAR/BPS

4539

KEGG

D00023 

PubChem CID

1176

RTECS numberYR6250000UNII

8W8T17847W 

InChI

InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4) 

Key: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 

InChI=1/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)

Key: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYAF

SMILES

C(=O)(N)N

Properties

Chemical formula

CH4N2OMolar mass60.056 g·mol−1AppearanceWhite solidDensity1.32 g/cm3Melting point133 to 135 °C (271 to 275 °F; 406 to 408 K)

Solubility in water

1079 g/L (20 °C)
1670 g/L (40 °C)
2510 g/L (60 °C)
4000 g/L (80 °C)Solubility500 g/L glycerol[2]

50g/L ethanol
~4 g/L acetonitrile[3]

Basicity (pKb)13.9[4]

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

-33.4·10−6 cm3/molStructure

Dipole moment

4.56 DThermochemistryCRC Handbook

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)

-79.634 kcal/mol

Gibbs free energy(ΔfG˚)

-47.12 kcal/molPharmacology

ATC code

B05BC02 (WHO) D02AE01 (WHO)HazardsSafety data sheetJT BakerGHS pictogramsNFPA 704



1

1

0

Flash pointNon-flammableLethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose)

8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)Related compounds

Related ureas

Thiourea
Hydroxycarbamide

Related compounds

Carbamide peroxide
Urea phosphate 
Acetone 
Carbonic acid 
Carbonyl fluoride

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

 verify (what is  ?)Infobox references

Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. It is a colorless, odorless solid, highly soluble in water, and practically non-toxic (LD50 is 15 g/kg for rats).[5] Dissolved in water, it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, most notably nitrogen excretion. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules (NH3) with a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule in the urea cycle. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.

Friedrich Wöhler's discovery in 1828 that urea can be produced from inorganic starting materials was an important conceptual milestone in chemistry. It showed for the first time that a substance previously known only as a byproduct of life could be synthesized in the laboratory without biological starting materials thereby contradicting the widely held doctrine of vitalism.