a solution of urea is isotonic with 12g/L glucose solution. What is the concentration of urea?
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Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. This amide has two –NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group.
Urea

NamesPronunciationurea /jʊəˈriːə/, carbamide /ˈkɑːrbəmaɪd/Preferred IUPAC name
Urea[
Systematic IUPAC name
Carbonyl diamide[
Other names
Carbamide
Carbonic diamide
Carbonyldiamine
Diaminomethanal
Diaminomethanone
Identifiers
CAS Number
57-13-6 
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
635724ChEBI
CHEBI:16199 
ChEMBL
ChEMBL985 
ChemSpider
1143 
DrugBank
DB03904 
ECHA InfoCard100.000.286E numberE927b (glazing agents, ...)
Gmelin Reference
1378
IUPHAR/BPS
4539
KEGG
D00023 
PubChem CID
1176
RTECS numberYR6250000UNII
8W8T17847W 
InChI
InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4) 
Key: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 
InChI=1/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
Key: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES
C(=O)(N)N
Properties
Chemical formula
CH4N2OMolar mass60.056 g·mol−1AppearanceWhite solidDensity1.32 g/cm3Melting point133 to 135 °C (271 to 275 °F; 406 to 408 K)
Solubility in water
1079 g/L (20 °C)
1670 g/L (40 °C)
2510 g/L (60 °C)
4000 g/L (80 °C)Solubility500 g/L glycerol[2]
50g/L ethanol
~4 g/L acetonitrile[3]
Basicity (pKb)13.9[4]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
-33.4·10−6 cm3/molStructure
Dipole moment
4.56 DThermochemistryCRC Handbook
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)
-79.634 kcal/mol
Gibbs free energy(ΔfG˚)
-47.12 kcal/molPharmacology
ATC code
B05BC02 (WHO) D02AE01 (WHO)HazardsSafety data sheetJT BakerGHS pictogramsNFPA 704

1
1
0
Flash pointNon-flammableLethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)Related compounds
Related ureas
Thiourea
Hydroxycarbamide
Related compounds
Carbamide peroxide
Urea phosphate
Acetone
Carbonic acid
Carbonyl fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
 verify (what is  ?)Infobox references
Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. It is a colorless, odorless solid, highly soluble in water, and practically non-toxic (LD50 is 15 g/kg for rats).[5] Dissolved in water, it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, most notably nitrogen excretion. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules (NH3) with a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule in the urea cycle. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.
Friedrich Wöhler's discovery in 1828 that urea can be produced from inorganic starting materials was an important conceptual milestone in chemistry. It showed for the first time that a substance previously known only as a byproduct of life could be synthesized in the laboratory without biological starting materials thereby contradicting the widely held doctrine of vitalism.
Urea

NamesPronunciationurea /jʊəˈriːə/, carbamide /ˈkɑːrbəmaɪd/Preferred IUPAC name
Urea[
Systematic IUPAC name
Carbonyl diamide[
Other names
Carbamide
Carbonic diamide
Carbonyldiamine
Diaminomethanal
Diaminomethanone
Identifiers
CAS Number
57-13-6 
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
635724ChEBI
CHEBI:16199 
ChEMBL
ChEMBL985 
ChemSpider
1143 
DrugBank
DB03904 
ECHA InfoCard100.000.286E numberE927b (glazing agents, ...)
Gmelin Reference
1378
IUPHAR/BPS
4539
KEGG
D00023 
PubChem CID
1176
RTECS numberYR6250000UNII
8W8T17847W 
InChI
InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4) 
Key: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 
InChI=1/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
Key: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES
C(=O)(N)N
Properties
Chemical formula
CH4N2OMolar mass60.056 g·mol−1AppearanceWhite solidDensity1.32 g/cm3Melting point133 to 135 °C (271 to 275 °F; 406 to 408 K)
Solubility in water
1079 g/L (20 °C)
1670 g/L (40 °C)
2510 g/L (60 °C)
4000 g/L (80 °C)Solubility500 g/L glycerol[2]
50g/L ethanol
~4 g/L acetonitrile[3]
Basicity (pKb)13.9[4]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
-33.4·10−6 cm3/molStructure
Dipole moment
4.56 DThermochemistryCRC Handbook
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)
-79.634 kcal/mol
Gibbs free energy(ΔfG˚)
-47.12 kcal/molPharmacology
ATC code
B05BC02 (WHO) D02AE01 (WHO)HazardsSafety data sheetJT BakerGHS pictogramsNFPA 704

1
1
0
Flash pointNon-flammableLethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)Related compounds
Related ureas
Thiourea
Hydroxycarbamide
Related compounds
Carbamide peroxide
Urea phosphate
Acetone
Carbonic acid
Carbonyl fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
 verify (what is  ?)Infobox references
Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. It is a colorless, odorless solid, highly soluble in water, and practically non-toxic (LD50 is 15 g/kg for rats).[5] Dissolved in water, it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, most notably nitrogen excretion. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules (NH3) with a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule in the urea cycle. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.
Friedrich Wöhler's discovery in 1828 that urea can be produced from inorganic starting materials was an important conceptual milestone in chemistry. It showed for the first time that a substance previously known only as a byproduct of life could be synthesized in the laboratory without biological starting materials thereby contradicting the widely held doctrine of vitalism.
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