A speech on democracy- a boon or bane
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Democracy in India: Speech on Democracy in India!
The distinctive feature of Indian democracy is that we have universal adult suffrage – one man one vote and a written constitution that defines the role of the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary. The Legislatures have a fixed tenure and elections are held under the authority of the Chief Election Commissioner who is not subordinate to the Executive.
The Head of the State is elected although indirectly by the elected representatives. This is different from a Constitutional monarchy-the type of democracy as it exists in Britain. India is a Republic and as such no authority outside the geographical boundaries of the country exercise any control, real or notional over the affairs of the government at the Centre or the State level.
Apart from political democracy, Indian Constitution also promises social democracy. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity form a union of trinity. India had an age old tradition of monarchy. Some monarchs were enlightened and benevolent while some others were cruel and tyrant. In any case the succession to throne was by heredity. With the decline of the Mughal Empire, there was a long period of turbulence.
The Government of India Act of 1858 gave the British Crown total imperial control over the country. There was no popular participation. The entire machinery of the administration was bureaucratic totally unconcerned about public opinion in India.
A grain of popular element was introduced in 1861 when certain non-official members were added to the Governor General’s Executive Council. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 provided that the non-official members of the Indian Legislative Council were to be henceforth nominated by the Bengal Chamber of Commerce and the Provincial Legislative Councils while the non-official members of the Provincial Councils were to be nominated by certain local bodies.
The object was to give further opportunities to the native elements in Indian society to take part in the work of the government. The Morley M into Reforms of 1909 provided that there was no more an official majority in the Provincial Legislative Councils. An element of election was also introduced in the Legislative Council at the Centre. The Act of 1909 for the first time provided separate representation for the Muslim community
The Government of India Act 1919 introduced sustentative changes. Indian Legislature was made more representative and bicameral. It was to consist of an Upper House of 60 members of whom 34 were elected. The Lower House comprised of 144 members of whom 104 were elected. The electorates were however arranged on a communal and sectional basis.
The Government of India Act 1935 divided legislative powers between the Provincial and Central Legislatures. The Central government however retained control over the Provinces. The Governor had the discretion to act without ministerial advice in certain matters. All the same there were no Reserved Departments in the provinces. In all Provincial Legislative assemblies all members were directly elected by the people.
The electorate base was expanded and now included another 30 million voters. A small property qualification was retained. Only about one sixth of the adult population of India became eligible to vote. Women received franchise on same terms as the men. The electoral provisions of the Act were governed by the Communal award.
There were separate constituencies for General, Muslim, European Anglo-Indian, and Indian Christian and Sikh communities. Muslims in all provinces, Sikhs in Punjab, Christians in Madras and elsewhere and Europeans especially in Bengal were all accorded special representation.
The Indian Independence Act 1947 abolished the sovereignty and responsibility of the British Parliament. Crown was no longer the source of authority. The Governor Generals of India and Pakistan hereafter became the constitutional heads. The Constituent Assembly itself functioned as the Central Legislature.
The sovereignty of the dominion Legislature was complete. India however was yet some distance away from democracy based on universal suffrage. That came with the adoption of the new Constitution on January 26, 1950.
The distinctive feature of Indian democracy is that we have universal adult suffrage – one man one vote and a written constitution that defines the role of the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary. The Legislatures have a fixed tenure and elections are held under the authority of the Chief Election Commissioner who is not subordinate to the Executive.
The Head of the State is elected although indirectly by the elected representatives. This is different from a Constitutional monarchy-the type of democracy as it exists in Britain. India is a Republic and as such no authority outside the geographical boundaries of the country exercise any control, real or notional over the affairs of the government at the Centre or the State level.
Apart from political democracy, Indian Constitution also promises social democracy. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity form a union of trinity. India had an age old tradition of monarchy. Some monarchs were enlightened and benevolent while some others were cruel and tyrant. In any case the succession to throne was by heredity. With the decline of the Mughal Empire, there was a long period of turbulence.
The Government of India Act of 1858 gave the British Crown total imperial control over the country. There was no popular participation. The entire machinery of the administration was bureaucratic totally unconcerned about public opinion in India.
A grain of popular element was introduced in 1861 when certain non-official members were added to the Governor General’s Executive Council. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 provided that the non-official members of the Indian Legislative Council were to be henceforth nominated by the Bengal Chamber of Commerce and the Provincial Legislative Councils while the non-official members of the Provincial Councils were to be nominated by certain local bodies.
The object was to give further opportunities to the native elements in Indian society to take part in the work of the government. The Morley M into Reforms of 1909 provided that there was no more an official majority in the Provincial Legislative Councils. An element of election was also introduced in the Legislative Council at the Centre. The Act of 1909 for the first time provided separate representation for the Muslim community
The Government of India Act 1919 introduced sustentative changes. Indian Legislature was made more representative and bicameral. It was to consist of an Upper House of 60 members of whom 34 were elected. The Lower House comprised of 144 members of whom 104 were elected. The electorates were however arranged on a communal and sectional basis.
The Government of India Act 1935 divided legislative powers between the Provincial and Central Legislatures. The Central government however retained control over the Provinces. The Governor had the discretion to act without ministerial advice in certain matters. All the same there were no Reserved Departments in the provinces. In all Provincial Legislative assemblies all members were directly elected by the people.
The electorate base was expanded and now included another 30 million voters. A small property qualification was retained. Only about one sixth of the adult population of India became eligible to vote. Women received franchise on same terms as the men. The electoral provisions of the Act were governed by the Communal award.
There were separate constituencies for General, Muslim, European Anglo-Indian, and Indian Christian and Sikh communities. Muslims in all provinces, Sikhs in Punjab, Christians in Madras and elsewhere and Europeans especially in Bengal were all accorded special representation.
The Indian Independence Act 1947 abolished the sovereignty and responsibility of the British Parliament. Crown was no longer the source of authority. The Governor Generals of India and Pakistan hereafter became the constitutional heads. The Constituent Assembly itself functioned as the Central Legislature.
The sovereignty of the dominion Legislature was complete. India however was yet some distance away from democracy based on universal suffrage. That came with the adoption of the new Constitution on January 26, 1950.
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Firstly let us understand what is democracy
A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections.
In simple democracy people's government.
Democracy is better than other form of government because.
∆ It protects the interests of citizens.
∆ It promotes equality.
∆ It generally takes a stable decision.
Though India became a free nation on August 15, 1947, it declared itself a Sovereign, Democratic and Republic state with the adoption of the Constitution on January 26, 1950. The Constitution gave the citizens of India the power to choose their own government and paved the way for democracy.
India has a federal form of government, and hence each state also has its own government. The executive of each state is the Governor whose role is ceremonial. The real power resides with the Chief Minister and the state council of ministers.
Other examples of democratic nations are
- Finland
- Ice land
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