Question

A spherical mirror produces a magnification of -1 on a screen placed at a distance

of 50cm from the mirror. Write the type of the mirror. Find the distance of the image from the

object. What is the focal length of the mirror? Draw the ray diagram to show the image

formation in this case.
​

Answer 1

If the incident beam is said to be parallel, we already know that the object is placed beyond 2F of the lens. You need to trace your rays here using the Snell’s law of refraction. The refractive index contrast of the lens with the surrounding decides the emerging ray angle.

Instructions:

Mark the normal to the lens surface where the ray is incident.

Calculate how much the ray bends as it enters the lens. Trace the ray to the back surface of the lens.

Draw the normal to the exit surface where the ray is incident. Calculate how much the ray bends as it exits the lens.

Trace the ray till the focal length.

Three rays are usually taken to decide point of convergence - from the object top, object center and object bottom. So repeat the previous steps accordingly.

When the parallel beam is parallel to the principle axis, we learn that the rays will converge at the designed focal length of the lens based on its refractive index and curvature.

But in general, the ray in that parallel beam that passes through the center of the optic axis decides how on- or off-axis the final focus is going to be.

Answer 2

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If the incident beam is said to be parallel, we already know that the object is placed beyond 2F of the lens. You need to trace your rays here using the Snell’s law of refraction. The refractive index contrast of the lens with the surrounding decides the emerging ray angle.

Instructions:

Mark the normal to the lens surface where the ray is incident.

Calculate how much the ray bends as it enters the lens. Trace the ray to the back surface of the lens.

Draw the normal to the exit surface where the ray is incident. Calculate how much the ray bends as it exits the lens.

Trace the ray till the focal length.

Three rays are usually taken to decide point of convergence - from the object top, object center and object bottom. So repeat the previous steps accordingly.

When the parallel beam is parallel to the principle axis, we learn that the rays will converge at the designed focal length of the lens based on its refractive index and curvature.

But in general, the ray in that parallel beam that passes through the center of the optic axis decides how on- or off-axis the final focus is going to be.

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