Question

A strain of mold was grown in a batch culture on glucose and the following data were obtained.

Time (h)
0

9

16

23

30

34

36

40

Cell concentration (g/l)

1.25

2.45

5.1

10.5

22

33

37.5

41

Glucose concentration

(g/l)

100

97

90.4

76.9

48.1

20.6

9.38

0.63

i) Calculate the maximum net specific growth rate (unet).
ii) Calculate the apparent growth yield (Yx/s).
iii) What maximum cell concentration could one expect if 150 g of glucose was used with the same size inoculum?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Society is stratified into social classes based on individuals’ socioeconomic status, gender, and race.

Stratification results in inequality when resources, opportunities, and privileges are distributed based on individuals’ positions in the social hierarchy.

Stratification and inequality can be analyzed as micro-, meso-, and macro-level phenomena, as they are produced in small group interactions, through organizations and institutions, and through global economic structures.

There are three dominant theories that consider why inequality exists on a global scale. First, some sociologists use a theory of development and modernization to argue that poor nations remain poor because they hold onto traditional attitudes and beliefs, technologies and institutions.

Answer 2

specific growth rate, µ = (1/X)*(dX/dt)

Explanation:

• Because it depicts the dynamic activity of microorganisms, the specific growth rate is the most critical parameter to regulate during fermentation.
• The use of a specific growth rate as a control parameter implies that appropriate amounts of the substrate are present, and so it may be used as an indirect tool for controlling the extracellular environment.

• By formula, we have $\mu = \frac {1}{X} \times \frac {dX}{dt}$ where X is the cell mass concentration and t is the time spent in the bioreactor system.
• The yield is affected by the amount of substrate used (an important consideration in commercial cultures where you have to ask how much product you are getting from the expensive substrate you are adding).
• This is the yield coefficient (Y), which is the ratio of biomass produced (in grammes) to substrate consumed
• Due to the physical differences between unicellular bacteria or yeasts and apically-elongating, non-fragmenting, hyphal fungi, culture absorbance is a less reliable approach for estimating the biomass of filamentous fungus than it is for bacteria or yeasts.
• Nonetheless, for most fungal growth assays, it is a non-destructive and useful method.