A student learns that the speed of the formation of a solution increases when the heat is supplied. How does heat affect the formation of the solution ?
change in temperature increases the size of the water particles
change in temperature changes the shape of the water particles
change in temperature changes the kinetic energy of the particles
change in temperature decreases the intermolecular spaces between the particles
Other:
Answers
The kinetic theory of matter can be used to explain how solids, liquids and gases are interchangeable as a result of increase or decrease in heat energy. When an object is heated the motion of the particles increases as the particles become more energetic. If it is cooled the motion of the particles decreases as they lose energy.
Melting
In a solid the strong attractions between the particles hold them tightly packed together. Even though they are vibrating this is not enough to disrupt the structure. When a solid is heated the particles gain energy and start to vibrate faster and faster. Initially the structure is gradually weakened which has the effect of expanding the solid. Further heating provides more energy until the particles start to break free of the structure. Although the particles are still loosely connected they are able to move around. At this point the solid is melting to form a liquid. The particles in the liquid are the same as in the solid but they have more energy. To melt a solid energy is required to overcome the attractions between the particles and allow them to pull them apart. The energy is provided when the solid is heated up. The temperature at which something melts is called its "melting point" or melting temperature. At room temperature a material is a solid, liquid or gas depending on its melting temperature. Anything with a melting temperature higher than about 20oC is likely to be a solid under normal conditions. Materials have widely differing melting temperatures e.g. mercury -39oC, ice 0oC, salt 1081oC, aluminium 660oC and steel 1535oC. Everyday materials such as ice, butter and wax have different melting temperatures and can be used as examples with children.
Ice is probably the melting substance most children are familiar with. It can be problematic when trying to develop an understanding of melting as it does often appear to them to melt without any source of heat. Ice melts at room temperature because the surrounding air is warmer than the ice and at a temperature above the melting temperature. The heat energy required to melt the ice comes from the surrounding air which will consequently become a little cooler.
Not all solids melt when they are heated. Some may undergo chemical changes as a result of heating. For example paper burns rather than melts.
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Explanation:
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