a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being a reactant is called A enzyme B Catalyst C both (answer with proper reason)
Answers
Answer:
Without enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions, most organisms could not survive. Enzymes are substrate-specific. The substrate of an enzyme is the specific substance it affects
Answer:
our brain is powered by the oxidation of glucose. The oxidation of glucose can be represented as the following balanced chemical reaction:
\text C_6 \text H_{12} \text O_6(s)+6\text O_2(g) \rightarrow 6\text C \text O_2(g) + 6\text H_2 \text O(l) + heat\quad\quad{\Delta\text G^\circ \,\text {at }25\,^\circ \text C=-2885\,\dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol}}}C
6
H
12
O
6
(s)+6O
2
(g)→6CO
2
(g)+6H
2
O(l)+heatΔG
∘
at 25
∘
C=−2885
mol
kJ
C, start subscript, 6, end subscript, H, start subscript, 12, end subscript, O, start subscript, 6, end subscript, left parenthesis, s, right parenthesis, plus, 6, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, left parenthesis, g, right parenthesis, right arrow, 6, C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, left parenthesis, g, right parenthesis, plus, 6, H, start subscript, 2, end subscript, O, left parenthesis, l, right parenthesis, plus, h, e, a, t, space, space, delta, G, degree, space, a, t, space, 25, space, degree, C, equals, minus, 2885, space, start fraction, k, J, divided by, m, o, l, end fraction
Without this reaction, learning chemistry would be much harder. Luckily, the oxidation reaction is thermodynamically favored at 25\,^\circ \text C25
∘
C25, space, degree, C since \Delta\text G^\circ<0ΔG
∘
<0delta, G, degree, is less than, 0.
a slice of a dark grape, about 5 mm thin and seen against a window
a slice of a dark grape, about 5 mm thin and seen against a window
Did you know that glucose was first isolated from raisins? Image from Wikimedia Commons, public domain
Why don't we give it a try? Find some food that is nice and sugary, such as a raisin. Add some oxygen gas (i.e. hold it out in the air). What happens?
Do you notice a release of heat energy? The formation of water and a nice explosive poof of carbon dioxide gas?
Chances are, the raisin doesn't do much besides maybe dry out a little bit more. Even though the oxidation of glucose is a thermodynamically favorable reaction, it turns out that the reaction rate is really really really slow.
The rate of a reaction depends on factors such as:
Activation energy
Temperature: if you heat up the raisin to a high enough temperature, it will probably catch on fire and oxidize
These two factors are closely related: increasing the reaction temperature of the reaction increases the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules. This increases the likelihood that they will have enough energy to get over the activation barrier.
How does your body solve this problem for the oxidation of glucose? After all, your body temperature isn't much higher than 25\,^\circ \text C25
∘
C25, space, degree, C, so how is this reaction happening continuously in your body?
Biological systems use catalysts to increase the rate of the oxidation reaction so that it can occur at a faster rate at lower temperatures. in this article, we will talk more about what a catalyst is, and the different types of catalysts.
Explanation: