Question

a sudden expansion or compression is considered as an adiabatic process as there will be no time sufficient for exchanging the heat generated to the surroundings .Know if agas is compressed to half its volume first rapidly then slowly,in which case the work done will be greater

Answer 1

Answer:

A process is adiabatic when the system does not exchange heat with its surroundings. This can happen in two ways - either you can insulate the system so well that the heat transfer is negligible or you can make the process so fast that there is not enough time for heat exchange (All heat transfer mechanisms - conduction, convection, diffusion and radiation - are time consuming). 

Just how fast a process needs to be to be adiabatic depends on how well the system is insulated. If the system is insulated very well, the adiabatic processes can be a lot slower than when the system is insulated poorly. Even if the system is not insulated at all, there is some timescale below which any process becomes adiabatic. For example, the expansion of an air parcel raising in the atmosphere is approximately adiabatic.

In contrast, isothermal processes are necessarily slow as they require heat transfer to remain at the same temperature which is done by being in thermal equilibrium with some reservoir. A process will be isothermal only if it happens on timescales larger than the timescale required for effective heat transfer.

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