Question

A transformer consists of magnetic circuit in which it employs windings. Keeping all factors which affect the performance of transformer give the answers of following questions below. How many types of transformer are there? Explain the losses in a transformer and how can these remove? What is the rating of transformer? Give the reason. When efficiency of transformer will be maximum?​

Answer 1

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hopefully this helps!

Answer 2

The types of transformers that are there:

1. Step-Up Transformer - In a step-up transformer, the voltage is increased from the primary to the secondary coil. The number of turns in the primary coil is more hence it is used to increase the voltage and reduce the current.
2. Step-down Transformer - In a step-down transformer, the voltage is decreased from the primary to the secondary coil. The number of turns in the secondary coil is more than the primary, hence it is used to reduce the voltage and increase the current.

The types of losses in a transformer are:

• Core or iron losses - The core or iron losses mainly involves the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss which is caused when the primary winding of the transformer receives the AC supply and an alternating flux is set up in the core of the transformer. To remove the core or iron losses we can use silicon steel for the core construction.
• Copper losses - Copper losses are caused due to the resistance in the windings of the transformer. Copper loss is a variable loss since it depends on the load in the windings. To remove the copper loss we can use wires of greater cross-sectional area.

The definition of the rating of the transformer is:

• The rating of the transformer is the amount of load that a transformer can carry. When a transformer is rated as 120 kVA it means it can carry 120 kV at one ampere of current.

The efficiency of the transformer can be defined as the output power divided by the input power multiplied by 100.

The efficiency of the transformer will be maximum when the copper loss of the transformer will be equal to the iron loss of that transformer.