(a) Visit a nearby village and prepare a report on
(i) Crops grown in that area.
(ii) The type of fertiliser and pesticide used by
the farmers.
(iii) The difficulties that farmers are facing in that
area
Answers
Answer:
1. Small and fragmented land-holdings:
The seemingly abundance of net sown area of 141.2 million hectares and total cropped area of 189.7 million hectares (1999-2000) pales into insignificance when we see that it is divided into economically unviable small and scattered holdings.
The average size of holdings was 2.28 hectares in 1970-71 which was reduced to 1.82 hectares in 1980-81 and 1.50 hectares in 1995-96. The size of the holdings will further decrease with the infinite Sub-division of the land holdings.
2. Seeds:
Seed is a critical and basic input for attaining higher crop yields and sustained growth in agricultural production. Distribution of assured quality seed is as critical as the production of such seeds. Unfortunately, good quality seeds are out of reach of the majority of farmers, especially small and marginal farmers mainly because of exorbitant prices of better seeds.
3. Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides:
Indian soils have been used for growing crops over thousands of years without caring much for replenishing. This has led to depletion and exhaustion of soils resulting in their low productivity. The average yields of almost all the crops are among t e lowest in the world. This is a serious problem which can be solved by using more manures and fertilizers.
4. Irrigation:
Although India is the second largest irrigated country of the world after China, only one-third of the cropped area is under irrigation. Irrigation is the most important agricultural input in a tropical monsoon country like India where rainfall is uncertain, unreliable and erratic India cannot achieve sustained progress in agriculture unless and until more than half of the cropped area is brought under assured irrigation.
5. Lack of mechanisation:
In spite of the large scale mechanisation of agriculture in some parts of the country, most of the agricultural operations in larger parts are carried on by human hand using simple and conventional tools and implements like wooden plough, sickle, etc.
6. Soil erosion:
Large tracts of fertile land suffer from soil erosion by wind and water. This area must be properly treated and restored to its original fertility.
7. Agricultural Marketing:
Agricultural marketing still continues to be in a bad shape in rural India. In the absence of sound marketing facilities, the farmers have to depend upon local traders and middlemen for the disposal of their farm produce which is sold at throw-away price.
8. Scarcity of capital:
Agriculture is an important industry and like all other industries it also requires capital. The role of capital input is becoming more and more important with the advancement of farm technology. Since the agriculturists’ capital is locked up in his lands and stocks, he is obliged to borrow money for stimulating the tempo of agricultural production
Explanation:
(i) Paddy,wheat,maize are some of the crops grown in our area.
•Paddy is grown from hyv seeds and wheat and maize are grown from traditional seeds.
Comparison of hyv and traditional seeds.
(ii) Plants need nutrients in order to grow on a farm. To put more of these nutrients back into the soil many farmers will add fertilizers. Replacing these nutrients back into the soil with fertilizers can help the growth of the plant, which then increases the crop yield on the farm.
Insects such as worms and beetles can infest a crop and destroy it. To keep this from happening many farmers will spray their crops with insecticides. Insectisides are strong chemicals that will kill the insects that will harm the crop without killing the actual crop.
One of the biggest concerns for farmers is weed control . When weeds grow in farmland they can damage the crops and decrease the crop yeild of the farm. To get rid of the weeds without killing the crop many farmers spray their fields with herbicides. Herbicides are also made up of strong chemicals.
(iii) In our are sewage is the big problem because there is no much handpumps or wells.