a. What do you mean by social?
b. Name the three civilizations developed on the bank of the river
.c. List down the different ages/stages of human civilization.
d. What is society?
Q2.Shortanswering questions:
a. How was human society originated? Describe in brief.
b. Differentiate between the stone age and the agricultural age.
c. Why does every civilization develop on the bank of the river?
Q3. Long answering questions:
a. Discuss the different stages of human civilization briefly with references to their ways of life.
Answers
Q1 a) It is a term which is related to the society in which we live or an organisation.
b) The Indus Civilization, The Egyptian Civilization and The Chinese Civilization.
c) Stages of Human Civilization are as follows: the preagricultural (hunting and gathering) stage, the agricultural stage, and the industrial stage.
d) It is a group or a club of people living together of different communities
Q2 a) The Origins of Human Society traces the development of human culture from its origins over 2 million years ago to the emergence of literate civilization.
b) The differences are as follows:
(i) ‘The Stone Age’ people lived in small groups, hunted various animals, fished and gathered the fruits of the , gathered the animals close by and lived in groups nearfields and forests.
(ii) In the Agriculture Age they planted the fields nearer their homes, built more permanent homes, gathered the animals nearby. The biggest difference might be in the permanence of the homes.
(c) Every civilization occured on/near the banks of the river as the land was fertile and availiblity of water.
Q3 a)
(i) Primitive culture, in the lexicon of early anthropologists, any of numerous societies characterized by features that may include lack of a written language, relative isolation, small population, relatively simple social institutions and technology, and a generally slow rate of sociocultural change.
(ii) Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. ... Pigs, sheep, and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago.
(iii) Industrial civilization refers to the state of civilization following the Industrial Revolution, characterised by widespread use of powered machines. ... Some areas have exhibited de-industrialization as certain industries go into decline, or are superseded.
(iv) Knowledge and Civilization advances detailed criticism of philosophy's usual approach to knowledge and describes a redirection, away from textbook problems of epistemology, toward an ecological philosophy of technology and civilization.
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