Question

(a) What do you understand by the term acid?
(b) Show ionically why (i) phosphoric acid, (ii) sulphuric acid (iii) and acetic acid are called acids?​​

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) Acid, any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes the colour of certain indicators (e.g., reddens blue litmus paper), reacts with some metals (e.g., iron) to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions (acid catalysis).

The answer of (B) is in given attachment

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Answer 2

(a) Any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes the colour of certain indicators, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions, is called acid.

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(b) The main concept of importance is that those substance which gives out hydronium ions or hydrogen ions upon dissociation with water are considered as acids.

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(i) Phosphoric acid :

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• When phosphoric acid is dissociated in the presence of water, the following reaction occurs:

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$\sf{⧠\:\:H_3PO_4+H_2O\Longleftrightarrow H_3O^+H_2PO^-_4}$

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• As it gives out hydronium ions, it is called as acid.

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(ii) Sulphuric acid :

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• When sulphuric acid is dissociated in the presence of water, the following reaction occurs:

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$\sf{⧠\:\:H_2SO_4+H_2O\longrightarrow H_3O^++HSO^-_4}$

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• As it gives out hydronium ions, it is called as acid.

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(iii) Acetic acid :

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• When acetic acid is dissociated in the presence of water, the following reaction occurs:

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$\sf{⧠\:\:CH_3COOH+H_2O\rightleftharpoons CH_3COO^-+H^+}$

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• As it gives out hydrogen ions, it is called as acid.