Question

(a) What is meant by a substitution reaction? Give an example (with equation) of the substitution reaction of an alkane.
(b) How is soap made? Write a word equation involved in soap making.

Answer 1

Answer:

understand this question by reading this defination

I hope this will help u.

Answer 2

(a) Substitution reaction is the reaction in which a molecule’s atom is replaced by another atom. For example: $CH_4+Cl_2- Sunlight-CH_3 Cl+HCl.$

(b) Soaps are made by the process of saponification. When vegetable oils or animal fat is heated with sodium hydroxide, soaps are made.

$c_{2} H_{5} O H+C H 3 C O O H=C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5+H 2 O$.

$\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}+\mathrm{NaOH}=\mathrm{C} 2 \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COONa}$.

Explanation:

• Saturated hydrocarbons characteristic is substitution reaction.
• Example, In the presence of sunlight, methane reacts with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride and chloro-methane  $(CH_4+Cl_2- Sunlight-CH_3Cl+HCl).$

• The Pictorial representation of saponification is shown in the below figure: