Question

a) What is the fate of glucose molecules during aerobic respiration?
b) What is residual volume of air in our lungs?
c) What is its importance?
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Answer 1

a) Glucose is oxidised to release its energy, which is then stored in ATP molecules. Respiration is a series of chemical reactions, but this equation summarises the overall process. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken down products with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide.

b) Residual Volume(RV) - It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation. Normal adult value is averaged at 1200ml(20‐25 ml/kg) . It is indirectly measured from summation of FRC and ERV and cannot be measured by spirometry.

c) The residual volume functions to keep the alveoli open even after maximum expiration. In healthy lungs, the air that makes up the residual volume is utilized for continual gas exchange to occur between breaths.

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Answer 2

The word equation for aerobic respiration is:

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water (+ ATP made)

You need to be able to recognise the chemical formulas:

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 → 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$

Respiration is a series of chemical reactions, but this equation summarises the overall process. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken down products with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic respiration because cells do not need it.

Residual volume is the amount of air left in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration and is typically increased due to the inability to forcibly expire and remove air from the lungs. However, residual volume can be unchanged despite expiratory muscle weakness.

Residual volume is also important for preventing large fluctuations in respiratory gases (O2 and CO2).

Normal adult value is averaged at 1200ml(20‐25 ml/kg) .

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