a) what was the concentration of lactic acid in the blood to start with?
b) what was the greatest concentration reached during the case study?
c) If the trend between points CandD were to continue at the same rate ,how long might it take for the original lactic acid level to be reached again?(Hint :extend the line CD unitill it reaches the staring values)
d) what does high level of lactic acid indicate about the condition of respiration?
Answers
Answer:
- The integrity and function of all cells depend on an adequate supply of oxygen. Severe acute illness is frequently associated with inadequate tissue perfusion and/or reduced amount of oxygen in blood (hypoxemia) leading to tissue hypoxia.
If not reversed, tissue hypoxia can rapidly progress to multiorgan failure and death. For this reason a major imperative of critical care is to monitor tissue oxygenation so that timely intervention directed at restoring an adequate supply of oxygen can be implemented.
Measurement of blood lactate concentration has traditionally been used to monitor tissue oxygenation, a utility based on the wisdom gleaned over 50 years ago that cells deprived of adequate oxygen produce excessive quantities of lactate.
The real-time monitoring of blood lactate concentration necessary in a critical care setting was only made possible by the development of electrode-based lactate biosensors around a decade ago.
These biosensors are now incorporated into modern blood gas analyzers and other point-of-care analytical instruments, allowing lactate measurement by non-laboratory staff on a drop (100 µL) of blood within a minute or two. Whilst blood lactate concentration is invariably raised in those with significant tissue hypoxia, it can also be raised in a number of conditions not associated with tissue hypoxia.
2. Steady-state concentration (Css) is defined as the time during which the concentration remains stable or consistent when the drug is given repeatedly or continuously (IV infusion). The time to reach steady-state is a function of T½ and is achieved when the rate of the drug entering the systemic circulation equals the rate of elimination. For most drugs, the Css is reached in approximately five half-lives. The time to reach steady-state is independent of dose size, dosing interval, and number of doses. In case of multiple dosing, when a drug is administered in a fixed dose at fixed intervals, the plasma concentration increases exponentially to a plateau or steady-state with a half time of increase that is equal to the T½ of the drug. As indicated previously, 50% of the steady-state level is achieved in one T½, 75% (50+25) is achieved in two, 87.5% is achieved in three, and more than 99% is achieved in seven half-lives. In practice, a useful estimate of time to reach a steady-state is obtained by the following equation:
½
Therefore, the shorter the half life, the more rapidly the steady-state is reached, and vice versa.
3.Respiration Combustion
1. Respiration is a biochemical process that occurs inside living cells. 1. It is a physicochemical process which is non-cellular.
2. It is a slow process which releases energy in small steps and is stored as ATP. 2. It is a fast process which releases energy in one step with the increase in temperature.
3. The process involves various enzymes. 3. No enzymes are involved in such process.
4. A part of the energy is liberated as heat. 4. Most of the energy is liberated as heat.
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Hope it helps... ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Answer:
is this an answer it is wrong