(A) Which of the following have same chemical properties :
(a) Atomic number 17, 53
(b) Atomic number 8, 52
(c) Both
(d) None
(B) Answer the following:
(i) B, Al, Ga (decreasing order of atomic radii).
(ii) C, S, N (decreasing order of (AHeg),)
(iii) Al forms amphoteric oxide. Why?
(iv) Si is a semiconductor while 'C' is a non-metal, why?
Answers
Answer:
May be B no.
Explanation:
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Final answer: (A) (c) Both
(B) (i) Al>Ga>B (ii) N>C>S (iii)They react both acid and base to give salt and water. (iv)The 4 valence electrons of C are closely packed to each other hence it is non-metal.
Given that: We are given (A) Atomic number 17, 53 & Atomic number 8, 52. (B) (i)B, Al, Ga (ii)C, S, N (iii) Al forms amphoteric oxide. (iv) Si is a semiconductor while 'C' is a non-metal.
To find: We have to find (A) Which has same chemical property.
(B)(i) Decreasing order of atomic radii of B, Al, Ga. (ii) Decreasing order of (AHeg)C, S, N. (iii) Why Al forms amphoteric oxide. (iv) Why Si is a semiconductor while 'C' is a non-metal.
Explanation:
(A)
- Atomic number 17, 53 are Cl and I respectively they have similar chemical property due to they belongs to same group. Atomic number 8, 52 are O and Te respectively they also have similar chemical property due to they are elements in same group of the periodic table. Elements in the same group of periodic table have same number of valence shell electron there for similar chemical property. Hence option (c) Both is right answer.
- Option (a) Atomic number 17, 53 have same chemical properties. Option (b) Atomic number 8, 52 have same chemical properties. Both options are right. Hence option (c) Both is considered.
- Option (d) None is wrong because Atomic number 17, 53 and Atomic number 8, 52 have same chemical properties.
(B)
(i) Al>Ga>B
- B, Al, Ga are belongs to same group, so expected decreasing order in atomic radii is Ga>Al>B. But actual decreasing order in atomic radii is Al>Ga>B. Atomic radii of Ga is less than that of Al due to the variation of inner core of the electronic configuration. The presence of additional 10 d electron offer only poor screening effect for the outer electrons from the increased nuclear charge in gallium.
(ii) N>C>S
- As we move from C to N electron gain enthalpy become positive for N this is because of highly stable half-filled electronic configuration of N which is 1S²2S²2P³. Hence N does not favour for the addition of electron to it. There is an input of energy required when an electron added to N. On coming to S which belongs to next period of N and C, the electronic configuration of S is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴ it is not stable configuration so there is 2 electron short for p orbital to getting stable fully filled configuration. So it electron gain enthalpy is much more negative compared to C and N.
(iii)The metal oxides react with both acid and bases to form salt and water are called amphoteric oxides.
- Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) is amphoteric in nature. Because aluminium oxides react with both acids and bases to form salt and water.
- Aluminium oxide react with an acid HCl
Al₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃+3H₂O (behaves like a base)
- Aluminium oxide react with a base NaOH
Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂O (behave like an acid)
(iv) There are 4 valance electrons in the outermost orbital of Carbon. The atoms or molecules are close pack to each other in carbon so it is considered as non-metal. Carbon show non-metallic characteristics. While silicon in the same group has 4 valance electron in the outermost orbital due to these 4 electrons silicon forms covalent bond to other compound. Because these electrons are not closely packed to each other compared carbon. Hence it Si act as a semiconductor and are metalloids.
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