(a) Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
(b) List any two reasons for carbon forming a very large number of compounds.
(c) An organic acid 'X' is a liquid which often freezes during winter time in cold countries, has the molecular formula C2H4O2. On warming it with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a compound 'Y' with a sweet smell is formed.
(i) Identify 'X' and 'Y'.
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Answers
Answer: Carbon has a valency of 2 atoms so it mostly forms covalent bond.
2) IT is highly reactive with other materials.
Answer:
lose 4 electrons as it involves a lot of energy. Also, it cannot gain 4 electrons because the nucleus cannot hold on to the four extra electrons added. Therefore, to complete the octet, it shares 4 electrons with other atoms. That is why, carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding.
(b) Covalent compounds have covalent bonding in them. The bonds are formed by sharing of electrons. There are no ions in such compounds. There are weak forces of attraction between the molecules. So, they have low melting and boiling points.
(c) (i) N2
(ii) C2H6
(d) Hex-1-yne
Or
(a) Covalent compounds involve covalent bonding. There are no ions in the covalent compounds. Hence they are poor conductors of electricity.
(b) Carbon dioxide gas is evolved.
It turns lime water milky.
(c) Structural isomers of pentane
Explanation: