(a) Write in correct sequence the steps to be followed to find the conducting nature of lime juice. (b) Classify electrolytes on the basis of the extent of their ionisation.Give one example of each such type of electrolyte.
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Answer:
Explanation:
14.4 HYDROLYSIS OF SALT SOLUTIONS
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Predict whether a salt solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral
Calculate the concentrations of the various species in a salt solution
Describe the process that causes solutions of certain metal ions to be acidic
As we have seen in the section on chemical reactions, when an acid and base are mixed, they undergo a neutralization reaction. The word “neutralization” seems to imply that a stoichiometrically equivalent solution of an acid and a base would be neutral. This is sometimes true, but the salts that are formed in these reactions may have acidic or basic properties of their own, as we shall now see.
ACID-BASE NEUTRALIZATION
A solution is neutral when it contains equal concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions. When we mix solutions of an acid and a base, an acid-base neutralization reaction occurs. However, even if we mix stoichiometrically equivalent quantities, we may find that the resulting solution is not neutral. It could contain either an excess of hydronium ions or an excess of hydroxide ions because the nature of the salt formed determines whether the solution is acidic, neutral, or basic. The following four situations illustrate how solutions with various pH values can arise following a neutralization reaction using stoichiometrically equivalent quantities:
A strong acid and a strong base, such as HCl(aq) and NaOH(aq) will react to form a neutral solution since the conjugate partners produced are of negligible strength (see Chapter 14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases):
HCl
(
a
q
)
+
NaOH
(
a
q
)
⇌
NaCl
(
a
q
)
+
H
2
O
(
l
)
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