Question

A. Write the functional activity against each of the
following:
1. Leaf spines and
2. Lenticels and
3. Thick cuticle and
4. Stomata and​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Spines are also modified leaves. In cacti, spines are wholly transformed leaves that protect the plant from herbivores, radiate heat from the stem during the day, and collect and drip condensed water vapour during the cooler night.
2. It functions as a pore, providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere through the bark, which is otherwise impermeable to gases. The name lenticel, pronounced with an [s], derives from its lenticular (lens-like) shape.
3. Due to high temperature, the water is lost from the stomata of the plant as a result of high rate of transpiration. In order to curtail the high rate of transpiration, the leaves have thick waxy coating known as the cuticle. It is mainly composed of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers impregnated with wax.
4. Stomata (Fig. 1) are small pores on the surfaces of leaves and stems, bounded by a pair of guard cells, that control the exchange of gases—most importantly water vapour and CO2—between the interior of the leaf and the atmosphere.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

(a) guttation (b) protection and reduced transpiration (c) transpiration