Question

(a) Write the two difference between sigma and pi bond with example.
(b) Calculate number of sigma and pi bond in benzene molecule.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Sigma Bond: During sigma bond formation overlapping orbitals can either be one hybrid orbital and a single pure orbital, or two pure orbitals and two hybrid orbitals.

Sigma bonds are stronger bonds.

Sigma bond can be used to determine the shapes of molecules.

Pi Bond: During pi bond formation overlapping orbitals must be two unhybridized orbitals.

Pi bonds are usually less powerful compared to sigma bonds.

Pi bond cannot be used for the same purpose.

Example of Sigma bonds would be the simple C-H bond or C-X bond, while examples of pi bonds would be C=O and C≡N, where the first bond is a sigma bond, and the second/third bond are pi bonds.

Benzene

6×(sp2) C−C sigma (σ) bonds

6×(sp2) C−H sigma (σ) bonds

3×(sp2) C=C pi (π) bonds