(a) Write two points of difference in the structures of diamond and graphite.
(b) Explain why graphite can be used as a lubricant but diamond cannot.
(c) State the two properties of carbon which led to the huge number of carbon compounds.
(d) Both carbon and silicon belong to Group 14 of the periodic table.
But the tendency to exhibit catenation in carbon is much more than silicon. Explain.
Answers
a)The high quanity of bonds : surface area ratio makes both carbon and diamondi very strong. Differences i1. Diamond: each carbon atom bonds to 4 other carbon atoms, WHILST, Graphite: each carbon atom bonds to 3 other carbon atoms. ... Therefore, diamond has a higher boiling point.
b) The carbon atoms in graphite are also arranged in an infinite array, but they are layered. ... Unlike diamond, graphite can be used as a lubricant or in pencils because the layers cleave readily. It is soft and slippery, and its hardness is less than one on the Mohs scale.
c) The two features of carbon that give rise to a large number of compounds are as follows: (i) Catenation − It is the ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon. (ii) Tetravalency − With the valency of four, carbon is capable of bonding with four other atoms.
d) Both carbon and silicon belong to group 14 of the periodic table. But the tendency to exhibit catenation in carbon is much more than in silicon.
As a result, any number of carbon atoms can be linked to each other resulting in a large number of carbon compounds.
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Diamond:
(i) Each carbon atom is linked to four other carbon atoms.
(ii) A diamond crystal has a tetrahedral arrangement of carbon atoms.
Graphite:
(i) Each carbon atom is joined to only three other carbon atoms.
(ii) A graphite crystal has flat hexagonal rings structure.
(b) Due to its softness, powdered graphite can be used a lubricant whereas diamond being extremely hard can not be used as lubricant.
c) The two features of carbon that give rise to a large number of compounds are as follows: () Catenation It is the ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon. (ii) Tetravalency With the valency of four, carbon is capable of bonding with four other atoms
d) Both carbon and silicon belong to group 14 of the periodic table. But the tendency to exhibit catenation in carbon is much more than in silicon.
As a result, any number of
carbon atoms can be linked to each other resulting in a
large number of carbon compounds.