A2. Arrange the following sentences describing career of Shivaji Maharaj, in
order of their occurrence in the passage.
i) He collected 'Mavalas' to carve a kingdom of their own.
Answers
Answer:
Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire in the Indian subcontinent. The early life of Shivaji is a topic of great interest in the popular culture of India, especially in the Maharashtra state, where he spent most of his life. This article describes Shivaji's life from his birth until the age of 19 years (1630-1649).Shivaji was born at the hill fort of Shivneri on 1 March 1630, which corresponds to 19 February 1630 of the Julian calendar used by the contemporary English traders in India. At the time of his birth, the families of his father Shahaji and his mother Jijabai both served the Ahmednagar Sultanate in military and administrative capacities, although they subsequently transferred their allegiance to the Mughal Empire and the Bijapur Sultanate at different times.
As a servant of Bijapur, Shahaji was deputed in southern Deccan after 1636, and did not see Shivaji for several years. Shivaji and his mother remained in Pune in northern Deccan, where Shahaji's subordinate Dadoji Kondadeo administered the family's jagir (feudal land grant) in Shivaji's name. As a teenager, at the age of 15 years, he took a oath at the Raireshwar temple, to establish Hindavi Swaraj. Shivaji started acting independently of the Bijapur government, against the advice of Shahaji and Dadoji. He captured several hill forts which included Torana, Rajgad etc. at the expense of other vassals of Bijapur, and by the age of 15, started calling himself a raja (king). He also built a fort by the money he got during the construction at Torana, which was the blessing of Goddess Toranjai, which was named Pratapgad.
After Dadoji's death in 1647, Shivaji assumed full control of his father's jagir in the Pune region, and eliminated local challenges to his authority. He then invaded the northern Konkan region, making inroads into the territory of the Siddis of Janjira. He subsequently tried to form an alliance with Mughals against Bijapur, and ultimately ended up fighting both these powers to establish a kingdom that evolved into the Maratha Empire.
Answer:
Shivaji Bhonsle, better known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Maratha clan. He established a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of disciplined military and well-structured administrative organisations. He also introduced new military tactics, pioneering guerrilla warfare methods, which used geography, speed, and surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat enemies.
Shivaji was on a spree, annexing empires, and had taken over most of India. The Mughals on the other hand were threatened, as he was proving to be invincible. They were constantly devising methods to defeat and capture him. In 1666, Shivaji received a letter from Emperor Aurangzeb inviting him to come to the royal court at Agra. Shivaji had a hunch about the Emperor’s intentions, but accepted the invitation as he did not want it to appear that he was afraid of Aurangzeb.
Shivaji arrived in Agra with his eldest son, Shambhuji, and a small contingent of soldiers on May 12, Aurangzeb’s 50th birthday.
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