(आ) तुमच्या परिसरातील कष्टकरी स्त्रियांचे कुटुंबाच्या उदरनिर्वाहातील योगदान स्पष्ट करा.
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This study focuses on the livelihoods of female-headed households (FHHs) in
Namuwongo slum in Kampala Uganda. The trajectory of FHHs to Namuwongo slum,
their livelihood challenges, and their livelihood strategies for survival are explored. Data
material was collected through qualitative methods, such as in–depth interviews and
observations. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach and Empowerment were adopted as
theoretical frameworks for analysis. There are a number of reasons as to why some slum
households are female headed. These reasons include widowhood and separation and
divorce. Extreme poverty appears is a common feature among FHHs. Despite low levels
of education and lack of regular employment, leaving the FHHs vulnerable; this study
demonstrates that their ability to improvise alternatives for their survival is surprisingly
strong. FHHs both run informal business and involve themselves in casual work to create
income for their households. FHHs also use human capital in the form of family labor as
a way of securing financial capital. Some also involve children in income-generating
activities as a livelihood strategy. Social capital among the FHHs is significant because
they share information, ideas, and livelihood resources to build their assets and find
solutions to their problems. Neighbours and relatives are also used as a strategy to lessen
financial constraints. The female heads of households are members of local savings
groups and projects, such as the sisterhood project that offer financial assistance to their
households. These projects also aid them in sending their children to school. The results
of this study indicate that while FHHs manage to get by, they face some challenges.
These include limited resources, lack of decent housing and infrastructure, and health
risks entailed in living in the slum, such as lack of enough clean and piped water, poor
drainage and flooding after heavy rainfalls.