*आयझॅक न्यूटन विषयी माहिती पुढील मुदयांच्या आधारे लिहा. *प्रत्येक मुद्दा १० ते १५ ओळींमध्ये लिहा. 1.गुरुत्वाकर्षनाचे नियम लिहा. 2.ऑयझॅक न्युटन यांना मिळालेले महत्वाचे हुद्दे [ Awards] कधी व कशासाठी मिळाल
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1)Newton's law of universal gravitation is usually stated as that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.[note 1] The publication of the theory has become known as the "first great unification", as it marked the unification of the previously described phenomena of gravity on Earth with known astronomical behaviors.[1][2][3]
This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called inductive reasoning.[4] It is a part of classical mechanics and was formulated in Newton's work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("the Principia"), first published on 5 July 1687. When Newton presented Book 1 of the unpublished text in April 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him.
In today's language, the law states that every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting the two points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.[5]
The equation for universal gravitation thus takes the form:
{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}},}{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}},}
where F is the gravitational force acting between two objects, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, r is the distance between the centers of their masses, and G is the gravitational constant.
The first test of Newton's theory of gravitation between masses in the laboratory was the Cavendish experiment conducted by the British scientist Henry Cavendish in 1798.[6] It took place 111 years after the publication of Newton's Principia and approximately 71 years after his death.
Newton's law of gravitation resembles Coulomb's law of electrical forces, which is used to calculate the magnitude of the electrical force arising between two charged bodies. Both are inverse-square laws, where force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies. Coulomb's law has the product of two charges in place of the product of the masses, and the Coulomb constant in place of the gravitational constant.
Newton's law has since been superseded by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, but it continues to be used as an excellent approximation of the effects of gravity in most applications. Relativity is required only when there is a need for extreme accuracy, or when dealing with very strong gravitational fields, such as those found near extremely massive and dense objects, or at small distances (such as Mercury's orbit around the Sun)..
2)Prominent English physicist Sir Isaac Newton received several awards and honors such as a knighthood, the top mathematics professor at Cambridge University, admission to the Royal Society, a seat in Parliament and burial in Westminster Abbey. Newton lived from Jan. 4, 1643 until March 31, 1727, and he is considered one of the inventors of calculus.
Educationally, Newton gained acceptance into Trinity College at the University of Cambridge in 1661 after he failed to follow his father's footsteps as a farmer. Four years later, Newton earned a bachelor's degree from the prestigious university. Newton earned a master's degree in 1668, and a year later he was awarded the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge, an appointment he achieved at 27 when he succeeded his mentor and first Lucasian Chair, Isaac Barrow. Newton resigned the chair in 1701.
In 1672, Newton was admitted to the Royal Society. The physicist was elected the group's president in 1703, and each year thereafter, until his death in 1727. The Royal Society is an academy of scientists started in the 1660s by King Charles II. Thanks to Newton's political connections, he was elected to Parliament twice from the University of Cambridge in 1689 and 1701. Newton was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 and was buried in Westminster Abbey after his death.
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*आयझॅक न्यूटन विषयी माहिती पुढील मुदयांच्या आधारे लिहा. *प्रत्येक मुद्दा १० ते १५ ओळींमध्ये लिहा. 1.गुरुत्वाकर्षनाचे नियम लिहा. 2.ऑयझॅक न्युटन यांना मिळालेले महत्वाचे हुद्दे [ Awards] कधी व कशासाठी मिळाल
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