Question

about atmosphere to write essay with conclusion and introduction​

Answer 1

Answer:

Atmosphere:

Atmosphere is a multi-layered envelope of different gases (just like a protective blanket) surrounding the earth which holds up life on earth and saves it from harmful environment of outer space.

It extends to a height of about 1600 kms from the earth’s sur­face.

Energy Balance:

The sun is the great engine (source of energy) that drives winds on the earth’s atmosphere, ocean currents, exogenetic or denudational processes and sustains life in the biosphere. The solar flux incident on earth’s upper atmosphere is 1340 watts nr2 min-1. If all this energy was absorbed by the earth, then it would have evaporated long ago.But there are various complex mechanisms by means of which the earth manages to maintain its energy balance within narrow limits and thereby retains optimum climatic conditions for supporting life.

The earth absorbs about 65% of the solar energy incident on it (i.e. 19.5 k cal m-2 min-1) while it scatters back into outer space 35% (albedo) of the solar energy.

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Answer 2

ANSWER

The atmosphere is a thick gaseous envelope which surrounds the earth from all sides and is attached to the earth’s surface by gravitational force. The at­mosphere is a significant component of the biospheric ecosystem because the life on the earth’s surface is because of this atmosphere otherwise the earth would have become barren like moon.

Besides providing all necessary gases for the sustenance of all life forms in the biosphere, it also filters the incoming solar radia­tion and thus prevents the ultraviolet solar radiation waves to reach the earth’s surface and thus protects the earth from becoming too hot.

The height of the atmos­phere is estimated between 16 to 29 thousand kilome­tres from the sea level. It is estimated that 97 per cent of the effective atmosphere is upto the height of 29 km. In fact, the air is mechanical mixture of several gases.

The atmosphere is composed of

(i) Gases,

(ii) Water Vapour,

(iii) Particulates.

i} Gases

Nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) are major gases which constitute 99% of the total gaseous composition of the atmosphere. The remaining one per cent is represented by argan (0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%), neon (0.0018%), helium (0.0005%), ozone (0.00006%), hydrogen (0.00005%), krypton (trace), xenon (trace), methane (trace) etc.

Oxygen is the most important gas from the stand point of living organisms because they inhale it for their survival. Oxygen is also essential for combustion of burning matter. Nitrogen acts as dilutent and is generally chemically inactive.

Carbon dioxide is used by green plants for photosyn­thesis. It absorbs most of radiant energy from the earth and reradiates it back to the earth. Thus, carbon diox­ide, a greenhouse gas, increases the temperature of the lower atmosphere and the earth’s surface.

The concen­tration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is gradu­ally increasing due to burning of fossil fuels (coal, petroleum and natural gas) and deforestation. Ozone gas absorbs most of the ultra-violet rays radiated from the sun and thus prevents the earth from becoming too hot.

ii} Water Vapour

The vapour content in the at­mosphere ranges between zero and 5 per cent by volume. Climatically, water vapour is very important constituent of the atmosphere. The atmospheric va­pour is received through the evaporation of moisture and water from the water bodies (like seas and oceans, lakes, tanks and ponds, rivers etc.), vegetation and soil covers. Vapour depends on temperature and therefore it decreases from the equator pole-ward in response to decreasing temperature towards the poles.

The content of vapour in the surface air in the moist tropical areas, at 50° and 70° latitudes is 2.6%, 0.9% and 0.2% (by volume) respectively. The content of vapour decreases upward. More than 90 per cent of the total atmospheric vapour is found upto the height of 5 km. If there is condensation of all the atmospheric vapour at a time, there would result a one-inch thick layer of water around the earth

iii} Particles

The solid particles present in the atmosphere include dust particles, salt particles, pollen, smoke and soot, volcanic ashes etc. Most of the solid particles are kept in suspension in the atmos­phere. These particulates help in the scattering of solar radiation which adds varied charming colour of red and orange at sunrise and sunset.

The sky appears blue in colour due to selective scattering of solar radiation by dust particles. Salt particles become hygroscopic nuclei and thus help in the formation of water drops, clouds and various forms of condensation and precipi­tation.

Explanation:

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