Question

about DNA fingerprinting and its application

Answer 1

DNA profiling is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics, called a DNA profile, that is very likely to be different in unrelated individuals, thereby being as unique to individuals as are fingerprints. 

Fingerprinting is thought to establish the identify of an individual in forensic cases. The technique is extensively used for forensic purposes. ... ThusDNA fingerprint was named by observing the number of repeated sequences which differ from individual to individual.

Answer 2

The use of genetics in forensic science has a wide range of applications. However, the accuracy of a process called DNA fingerprinting, used to aid in the identification of criminals, is currently under much debate due to its recent use in a highly publicized murder trial. Nevertheless, DNA data banking is active in many states and is expected tosoon exceed collections by researchers studying genetic disorders,(3). As long as quality ismaintained in the process of testing, the continued use of DNA fingerprinting in criminal investigations should be considered beneficial as well as credible.

Other Applications of DNA Fingerprinting in Forensic Science

DNA fingerprints are widely used in forensic medicine. Incases of rape where the victim is uncertain of the source of impregnation, a fetal sample is obtained and compared to the genotype of the consenting partner. The probabilities indetermining partnership by using DNA fingerprinting are greater than 99%, (1). If the genotype does not match the partner, then the mother can make an informed decision regarding the outcome of the pregnancy.

DNA analysis can also exonerate the innocent. In one particular murder investigation, a car accident led to the shooting and subsequent murder of one driver by the other. The murderer escaped through a broken front window of the car, leaving a few hairs and blood behind. DNA was extracted from the samples and compared to a suspect's profile. The differences in a number of markers determined the suspect's innocence, (5).