about karnataka folk music in kannada
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Explanation:
The state of Karnataka in Southern India is a storehouse of varied art forms, diverse cultures and unique traditions. Its artistic activities can be traced back to the prehistoric times. Karnataka’s artistic tradition has been greatly influenced by the patronage of the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, the Vijayanagar Empire and finally the Wodeyar dynasty. Besides the local Kannadigas, other communities such as Tuluvas, Kodavas and Konkanis also co-exist peacefully, contributing to a vibrant culture in the state. Karnataka is the only state in South India where all the three distinct music forms—Carnatic, Hindustani and folk music flourished and continues to be patronized even to this day. While the northern part of the state is home to Hindustani music, the southern part is famous for both Carnatic and folk music.
Hindustani Music
The twin cities of Hubli and Dharwad in the northern corner of Karnataka have produced music maestros who have firmly placed the region in the map of Hindustani music. Before independence, Dharwad was referred to as Bombay Karnataka. Citizens here are fluent in various regional dialects of Marathi and Kannada and cultural life has always been rich and vibrant. Little wonder then that the region has seen the blossoming of poetry, literature, music and philosophy. Drama troupes including all female troupes travelled regularly between Maharashtra and Karnataka enthralling audiences and they used a lot of Hindustani songs in their repertoire. The Mysore Kings were patrons of classical music and as connoisseurs regularly invited musicians from all parts of the country to perform in their court.
With so much development in the music scene, by the time India attained independence the Hubli- Dharwad region had produced the country’s top Hindustani vocalists. Also, North Karnataka where Hindustani music flourished besides being closer to Maharashtra was largely influenced by the then Muslim rulers. The twin cities of Hubli-Dharwad and Belgaum have hosted many famous musicians of global repute.
Pandit Kumar Gandharva, a lingayat was born near Belgaum but later on migrated to Madhya Pradesh. A towering personality in Hindustani music he set a high standard which was followed by other maestros. Bhimsen Joshi was the ambassador of the Kairana gharana. Puttaraj Gawai, Pt. Mallikarjun Mansur, Basavaraj Rajguru, Abdul Karim Khan, Phakirappa Kundugol, Sawai Gandharva are some leading names from the Hindustani gharana from Karnataka.
Gangubai Hangal
The one woman who towered in the field of Hindustani music was Gangubai Hangal. Hailing from a family of artists she trained first under her mother and later under Sawai Gandharva. One of the finest voices of the twentieth century, she belonged to the kairana gharana and lived in Hubli.
Contemporary artists such as Sangeet Katti, Jayathirth Mevundi, Praveen Godkhindi, Vinayak Torvi, Geeta Javdekar, Ganapati Bhat Hasangi, and Vasant Karnad who are natives of Karnataka are now spreading the Hindustani music culture outside the state. Besides kairana gharana, Agra, Jaipur and Gwalior gharanas flourish in Karnataka. Such is the reputation of Karnataka as far as Hindustani music is concerned.
Carnatic classical music
The Haridasas of Karnataka are the pioneers in spreading the Bhakti movement through their compositions called Dasa Sahityas. It was during the era of the Vijayanagar rulers that the Haridasa movement started, leading to a new wave of musical revolution and devotion in common man as these compositions were in simple Kannada, the local language.
Purandara Dasa
Sripadaraya is the trendsetter of such compositions and his followers Vyasatirtha and Purandara Dasa continued his legacy. Purandara Dasa, who lived in the capital city of Vijayanagar is rightly considered the Pitamaha of Carnatic music. With more than 4,75,000 compositions to his credit, of which only a few hundred are now available, Purandara Dasa created a framework for teaching music to the common man. The other composers considered him their leader and inspired by him continued with his tradition, which is being followed even to this day. He believed that one can attain salvation through divine music and by rendering these songs with Bhakti, one can reach God.
His followers Vijayadasa, Gopaladasa, Jagannathadasa, who came in the 17th and 18th century diligently followed Purandara Dasa’s footsteps in propagating Kannada songs and each of them left behind his unique mark in the field of music. The devara namas composed by the Haridasas are today integral to carnatic music teaching and performance across the whole country. Such was the power and influence of the Haridasa movement, which originated in Karnataka.