About Kaziranga National park
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Answer:
Kaziranga National Park is the name to exemplify the most popular conservation efforts to save the endangered species like one-horned rhinoceros in India. Located in the Golaghat and Nagaon district of Assam, this most notable wildlife sanctuary is being declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year 1985. The park resides at an edge of the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot and this could be the perfect reason to envision high degrees of diversified species with great visibility.
The park lies in the flood plains of Brahmaputra River and so every year the region is completely drenched with high water level; so do the wildlife gets affected by it too. And keeping such messy situation in mind, the park officials are always ready for every kind of provision for the safety of the jungle beings of Kaziranga.
Lying between the latitudes of 26°30' N and 26°45' N, and longitudes 93°08' E to 93°36' E within two districts of Assam, Golaghat and Nagaon, the Kaziranga National Park is stretched across an area of 378 sq km with an addition of 429 sq km along the present boundary of the park. The land of Kaziranga is made fertile with the alluvial soil formed by the erosion and the silt deposition of Brahmaputra River to make it more eligible for agriculture at the outskirts of the park area.
History
From the land of one-horned rhinos to their protected area, the history of Kaziranga takes us back in the year 1904 when the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon along with his wife Mary Curzon went on an excursion to this region. To their matter of surprise they found no signs of rhinos in the concerned area which is known as the home to them and so she decided to put some serious efforts towards their conservation, sine poaching for their skin was on the heights during that time. It was in the year 1905, June 1st that Mary Curzon proposed the idea of converting Kaziranga into a reserve forest by extending the area into 232 sq km.
Today this park is home to around two-third of world's great one-horned Indian rhinos. Besides, with the highest density of tigers among the protected areas of the world, Kaziranga in the year 2006 was also declared as a tiger reserve. The park also boasts has large breeding populations of elephants, wild water buffalo and swamp deer. In addition, Kaziranga is recognized as an 'Important Bird Area' by Birdlife International for the conservation of avifaunal species.
Wildlife in Park
The land of Kaziranga which is rich in one-horned rhinos and elephants supports the growth and survival of a unique and diverse wildlife. Apart from being a rich natural habitat for Rhinos, Kaziranga Sanctuary also has a sizable population of the Wild Buffalos and great herds of wild elephants, sometimes numbering up to 200, including other major counts of species like:
Mammals - Indian wild boar (sus scrofa), eastern mole (talpa micrura), pangolin (manis crassicaudata), indian gaur (bos gaurus), sambar (cervus unicolor), barking deer (muntiacus muntjak), white browed gibbon (hylobates hoolock), hog deer (axis porcinus), capped langur or leaf monkey (presbytis pileatus), assamese macaque (macaca assamensis), rhesus macaque (macaca mulatto), leopard (panthera pardus), golden jackal (canis aureus), sloth bear (melursus ursinus), fishing cat (felis viverrina), jungle cat (felis chaus), large indian civet (viverra zibetha), small indian civet (viverricula indica), indian gray mongoose (herpestes edwardsi), small Indian mongoose (herpestus auropunctatus), bengal fox (vulpes bengalensis), common otter (lutra lutra), Chinese ferret badger (melogale moschata), hog badger(arctonyx collaris), ganges and Indus river dolphin (platanista gangetica), orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel (dremomys lokriah), Asiatic black bear, swamp deer (cervus duvauceli) and Indian porcupine (hystrix indica).
Reptiles - Snakes, Lizards, Tortoises, Alligator (Gharial), Crocodile
Flora in Kaziranga
Kaziranga National Park has chiefly three major types of flora as alluvial inundated grasslands, tropical wet evergreen forests and tropical semi-evergreen forests. But, the main characteristics of flora in Kaziranga are the dense and tall elephant grasses intermixed by small swamplands which are left behind by the receding floodwaters of the river Brahmaputra.
In addition to grasses and forests, Kaziranga National Park includes abundant cover of water lilies, water hyacinth and lotus brining a beautiful scenario to the surroundings. Rattan Cane, which is a type of climbing palm, also adds beauty of Kaziranga National Park. Different vegetation coverage in Kaziranga National Park is: tall thickets of elephant grasses 41%, short grasses 11%, open jungle 29%, rivers and water bodies 8%, sand 6% and swamps 4%.
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