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Oxygen cycle
The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycleof oxygen within its four main reservoirs: the atmosphere (air), the total content of biological matter within the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems), the hydrosphere (the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of planet Earth), and the lithosphere/Earth's crust. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life on earth ....
Interconnection between carbon, hydrogen and oxygen cycle in metabolism of photosynthesizing plants........
By far the largest reservoir of Earth's oxygen is within the silicate and oxide minerals of the crust and mantle (99.5% by weight). The Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere together weigh less than 0.05% of the Earth's total mass. Oxygen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and represents a large portion of each main reservoir:
Atmosphere is 21% oxygen by volume present mainly as free oxygen molecules (O2) with other oxygen-containing molecules including ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), and sulfur and nitrogen oxides (SO2, NO, N2O, etc.)Biosphere is 22% oxygen by volume present mainly as a component of organic molecules (CxHxNxOx) and water moleculesHydrosphere is 33% oxygen by volume present mainly as a component of water molecules with dissolved molecules including free oxygen and carbonic acids (HxCO3)Lithosphere is 94% oxygen by volume present mainly as silica minerals (SiO2) and other oxide minerals
Movement of oxygen between the reservoirs is facilitated in large part by the presence of atmospheric free oxygen. The main source of atmospheric free oxygen is photosynthesis, which produces sugars and free oxygen from carbon dioxide and water:
{\displaystyle \mathrm {6\ CO_{2}+6H_{2}O+energy\longrightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+6\ O_{2}} }
Photosynthesizing organisms include the plant life of the land areas as well as the phytoplankton of the oceans. The tiny marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus was discovered in 1986 and accounts for more than half of the photosynthesis of the open ocean.[1]
An additional source of atmospheric free oxygen comes from photolysis, whereby high-energy ultraviolet radiation breaks down atmospheric water and nitrous oxide into component atoms. The free H and N atoms[clarify] escape into space, leaving O2 in the atmosphere:
{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ H_{2}O+energy\longrightarrow 4\ H+O_{2}} }{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ N_{2}O+energy\longrightarrow 4\ N+O_{2}} }
The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration and decay, mechanisms in which animal life and bacteriaconsume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
The lithosphere also consumes atmospheric free oxygen by chemical weathering and surface reactions. An example of surface weathering chemistry is formation of iron oxides (rust):
Oxygen is also cycled between the biosphere and lithosphere. Marine organisms in the biosphere create calcium carbonate shell material (CaCO3) that is rich in oxygen. When the organism dies, its shell is deposited on the shallow sea floor and buried over time to create the limestone sedimentary rock of the lithosphere. Weathering processes initiated by organisms can also free oxygen from the lithosphere. Plants and animals extract nutrient minerals from rocks and release oxygen in the process.
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Oxygen cycle
The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycleof oxygen within its four main reservoirs: the atmosphere (air), the total content of biological matter within the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems), the hydrosphere (the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of planet Earth), and the lithosphere/Earth's crust. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life on earth ....
Interconnection between carbon, hydrogen and oxygen cycle in metabolism of photosynthesizing plants........
By far the largest reservoir of Earth's oxygen is within the silicate and oxide minerals of the crust and mantle (99.5% by weight). The Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere together weigh less than 0.05% of the Earth's total mass. Oxygen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and represents a large portion of each main reservoir:
Atmosphere is 21% oxygen by volume present mainly as free oxygen molecules (O2) with other oxygen-containing molecules including ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), and sulfur and nitrogen oxides (SO2, NO, N2O, etc.)Biosphere is 22% oxygen by volume present mainly as a component of organic molecules (CxHxNxOx) and water moleculesHydrosphere is 33% oxygen by volume present mainly as a component of water molecules with dissolved molecules including free oxygen and carbonic acids (HxCO3)Lithosphere is 94% oxygen by volume present mainly as silica minerals (SiO2) and other oxide minerals
Movement of oxygen between the reservoirs is facilitated in large part by the presence of atmospheric free oxygen. The main source of atmospheric free oxygen is photosynthesis, which produces sugars and free oxygen from carbon dioxide and water:
{\displaystyle \mathrm {6\ CO_{2}+6H_{2}O+energy\longrightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+6\ O_{2}} }
Photosynthesizing organisms include the plant life of the land areas as well as the phytoplankton of the oceans. The tiny marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus was discovered in 1986 and accounts for more than half of the photosynthesis of the open ocean.[1]
An additional source of atmospheric free oxygen comes from photolysis, whereby high-energy ultraviolet radiation breaks down atmospheric water and nitrous oxide into component atoms. The free H and N atoms[clarify] escape into space, leaving O2 in the atmosphere:
{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ H_{2}O+energy\longrightarrow 4\ H+O_{2}} }{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ N_{2}O+energy\longrightarrow 4\ N+O_{2}} }
The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration and decay, mechanisms in which animal life and bacteriaconsume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
The lithosphere also consumes atmospheric free oxygen by chemical weathering and surface reactions. An example of surface weathering chemistry is formation of iron oxides (rust):
Oxygen is also cycled between the biosphere and lithosphere. Marine organisms in the biosphere create calcium carbonate shell material (CaCO3) that is rich in oxygen. When the organism dies, its shell is deposited on the shallow sea floor and buried over time to create the limestone sedimentary rock of the lithosphere. Weathering processes initiated by organisms can also free oxygen from the lithosphere. Plants and animals extract nutrient minerals from rocks and release oxygen in the process.
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The oxygen cycle is the cycle that helps move oxygen through the three main regions of the Earth, the Atmosphere, the Biosphere, and the Lithosphere. The Atmosphere is of course the region of gases that lies above the Earth’s surface and it is one of the largest reservoirs of free oxygen on earth. The Biosphere is the sum of all the Earth’s ecosystems. This also has some free oxygen produced from photosynthesis and other life processes. The largest reservoir of oxygen is the lithosphere. Most of this oxygen is not on its own or free moving but part of chemical compounds such as silicates and oxides.
In the biosphere the main cycles are respiration and photosynthesis. Respiration is when animals and humans breathe consuming oxygen to be used in metabolic process and exhaling carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is the reverse of this process and is mainly done by plants and plankton.
The lithosphere mostly fixes oxygen in minerals such as silicates and oxides. Most of the time the process is automatic all it takes is a pure form of an element coming in contact with oxygen such as what happens when iron rusts. A portion of oxygen is freed by chemical weathering. When a oxygen bearing mineral is exposed to the elements a chemical reaction occurs that wears it down and in the process produces free oxygen.
These are the main oxygen cycles and each play an important role in helping to protect and maintain life on the Earth.
hope it helps
The oxygen cycle is the cycle that helps move oxygen through the three main regions of the Earth, the Atmosphere, the Biosphere, and the Lithosphere. The Atmosphere is of course the region of gases that lies above the Earth’s surface and it is one of the largest reservoirs of free oxygen on earth. The Biosphere is the sum of all the Earth’s ecosystems. This also has some free oxygen produced from photosynthesis and other life processes. The largest reservoir of oxygen is the lithosphere. Most of this oxygen is not on its own or free moving but part of chemical compounds such as silicates and oxides.
In the biosphere the main cycles are respiration and photosynthesis. Respiration is when animals and humans breathe consuming oxygen to be used in metabolic process and exhaling carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is the reverse of this process and is mainly done by plants and plankton.
The lithosphere mostly fixes oxygen in minerals such as silicates and oxides. Most of the time the process is automatic all it takes is a pure form of an element coming in contact with oxygen such as what happens when iron rusts. A portion of oxygen is freed by chemical weathering. When a oxygen bearing mineral is exposed to the elements a chemical reaction occurs that wears it down and in the process produces free oxygen.
These are the main oxygen cycles and each play an important role in helping to protect and maintain life on the Earth.
hope it helps
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