About planting of trees in sustainable development in india
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Answer:
Planting of trees along railway lines, roadsides, rivers and canal banks were carried out. They were planted in village common land, government wasteland, and Panchayat land. The social forestry scheme was initiated in India to increase fuel availability in rural areas and to prevent soil erosion.
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Answer:
Agricultural and urban expansion has been occurring at the expense of native ecosystems and the landscape made up of forests, woodlands, croplands, and grasslands.. The cumulative effects of this expansion have produced serious global environmental and social problems, including loss of biodiversity and extreme poverty of people living in the more vulnerable areas (FAO, 2001a; Van der Linde, 1962).
One solution to these problems is to plant and manage trees. Trees provide a range of benefits, including the potential to restore degraded ecosystems, provide wood, other on-woody products such as food and medicines, and to render environmental and socio-economic services. The importance of trees in addressing these problems is clearly demonstrated in traditional tree-based agricultural farming and land use systems, such as shifting cultivation in the humid tropics, fallow systems and grazing in the semi-arid savannah areas. Research during the 1970s and 1980s has shown the important role of trees in structuring landscapes and improving land productivity (Mando, 1997; Manu et al., 1995; Sadio, 1990; Young ?).
However, trees outside forests received little attention from decision and policy makers until the Kotka meeting in 1993 (FAO, 2000), which adopted the concept.2 The meeting defined trees outside forests as trees found on non-forest or wooded lands such as those occurring in agricultural or urban areas or along roadways. Their importance has become more apparent since that meeting and the ideas have been abandoned that they only make sense for small-scale farmers or have just ornamental or scenic functions in urban centers.
This paper presents key issues related to TOF, including their roles and uses and how they meet people's needs.
2. Multiple roles and benefits of TOF
Trees fulfil many important roles and produce a range of benefits to people and the environment..