about the cotton textile industry class 8 geography
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The cotton sector in India is considered the second most developed sector in the textile industry (after man-made fibres). At 18% of the global total, India is the world’s largest producer of cotton. It also has the largest area under cotton cultivation in the world, representing about 25% of the world’s area under cultivation. The states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are the major cotton producing areas in India.
The history of the cotton industry in India dates back millennia. India held a global monopoly over the manufacturing of cotton textiles for about 3,000 years - from 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D. It served as an ideal medium of exchange in the barter economy during the ancient period. During the middle ages, it was exported to Eastern and European markets. This was followed by the establishment of cotton mills by imperial powers in the modern period.
Market size and growth of the cotton textile industry in India
Cotton production in India increased from 119 lakh bales in 1991 - 92 to 345 lakh in 2016 - 17, a growth of 190%. Nearly two - thirds of cotton production in India comes from the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana - collectively known as the Cotton Basket of India. In FY 2017, India contributed 26% to total global harvested cotton. It ranked before China, which supplied 21%. Approximately 62% of India’s cotton is produced in rainfed areas, and 38% on irrigated lands. India grows all four known species of cultivated cotton.
The cotton industry in India leans towards apparel exports, contributing approximately 51% to overall apparel exports in FY 18. Approximately 74% of the apparel exported from India is made of cotton.
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