about unnatural rainfall
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It may come as a surprise, but the long, hot summer months are best for harvesting rain in the UAE. On average, the National Centre for Meteorology and Seismology (NCMS) runs cloud seeding flights four days per week, quite a lot more than during the winter season.
"It's because in summer months the monsoon drafts, which traps moisture into the atmosphere," said Sufian Farrah, meteorologist and cloud seeding expert at NCMS.
Most of the operations though take place in mountainous areas, particularly in the north of UAE, where there are cloud formations.
Through NCMS, the UAE started cloud seeding in the late 1990s. The process involves "encouraging" clouds to release all the water droplets they contain.
"Some people think we are producing artificial rain, but that is not possible. The rain is as natural as it gets, we are just helping the clouds to release it," said Alya Al Mazrouei, director of Rain Enhancement Science programme at NCMS.
With groundwater depleting fast and the ever growing population and economy demanding more fresh water, desalination plants are fast becoming the major water resource in the UAE and the region. Yet, they are both expensive and harmful to the environment, so the government started looking into cloud seeding as an alternative.
In 2001, after signing various agreements with international institutions, the programme became regular.
"The goal at that time was to study the atmosphere and understand how rain clouds work scientifically. In the same time, we were running cloud seeding operations as well," added Farrah.
The NCMS began with building the infrastructure, which involved setting up 74 automatic weather stations across the country. Later on, 18 more stations were added to fill the gap between the west and south regions.
They measure weather conditions, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, even global solar radiation, all important elements when deciding if a cloud is fit for seeding or not.
"We also have five stationary weather radars and one mobile one to detect rain clouds and the droplets size inside the cloud," said Farrah.
A second generation satellite to watch and monitor the region's air mass, fog, storms and thunderstorms is also used to determine cloud seeding operations.
As soon as a "good" cloud is found, one of NCMS's six Beach Craft King Air C 90 airplanes is sent out to seed the cloud.
When reaching the cloud, the pilot releases flares at its base containing salts. In 15-20 minutes, the reaction to the salts is produced and it starts to rain.
"We don't use any chemicals in cloud seeding, only salts, so there is nothing harmful in the process," said Al Mazrouei.
The met agency estimates that there has been an increase of 10 to 15 per cent of rainfall from cloud seeding in dusty atmosphere and 30 to 35 per cent more rain from cloud seeding in clean atmosphere since the programme began 16 years ago.
Particularly Abu Dhabi has witnessed an unusual amount of rain in this last cold season and a lot of rumours were going around that it was all due to cloud seeding. It wasn't!
According to NCMS, most of this rain happened without its aid, but the weather conditions did create more opportunities for cloud seeding.
"In the first quarter of 2016, from January to March, we had 77 operations, while in the same period in 2015 we had 17 operations," said Farrah.
Worldwide, cloud seeding has been going on for the past 50 years, but the science has never evolved or improved. With water security becoming a major worry especially in arid regions, the NCMS decided to encourage the scientific world to study this topic.
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It may come as a surprise, but the long, hot summer months are best for harvesting rain in the UAE. On average, the National Centre for Meteorology and Seismology (NCMS) runs cloud seeding flights four days per week, quite a lot more than during the winter season.
"It's because in summer months the monsoon drafts, which traps moisture into the atmosphere," said Sufian Farrah, meteorologist and cloud seeding expert at NCMS.
Most of the operations though take place in mountainous areas, particularly in the north of UAE, where there are cloud formations.
Through NCMS, the UAE started cloud seeding in the late 1990s. The process involves "encouraging" clouds to release all the water droplets they contain.
"Some people think we are producing artificial rain, but that is not possible. The rain is as natural as it gets, we are just helping the clouds to release it," said Alya Al Mazrouei, director of Rain Enhancement Science programme at NCMS.
With groundwater depleting fast and the ever growing population and economy demanding more fresh water, desalination plants are fast becoming the major water resource in the UAE and the region. Yet, they are both expensive and harmful to the environment, so the government started looking into cloud seeding as an alternative.
In 2001, after signing various agreements with international institutions, the programme became regular.
"The goal at that time was to study the atmosphere and understand how rain clouds work scientifically. In the same time, we were running cloud seeding operations as well," added Farrah.
The NCMS began with building the infrastructure, which involved setting up 74 automatic weather stations across the country. Later on, 18 more stations were added to fill the gap between the west and south regions.
They measure weather conditions, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, even global solar radiation, all important elements when deciding if a cloud is fit for seeding or not.
"We also have five stationary weather radars and one mobile one to detect rain clouds and the droplets size inside the cloud," said Farrah.
A second generation satellite to watch and monitor the region's air mass, fog, storms and thunderstorms is also used to determine cloud seeding operations.
As soon as a "good" cloud is found, one of NCMS's six Beach Craft King Air C 90 airplanes is sent out to seed the cloud.
When reaching the cloud, the pilot releases flares at its base containing salts. In 15-20 minutes, the reaction to the salts is produced and it starts to rain.
"We don't use any chemicals in cloud seeding, only salts, so there is nothing harmful in the process," said Al Mazrouei.
The met agency estimates that there has been an increase of 10 to 15 per cent of rainfall from cloud seeding in dusty atmosphere and 30 to 35 per cent more rain from cloud seeding in clean atmosphere since the programme began 16 years ago.
Particularly Abu Dhabi has witnessed an unusual amount of rain in this last cold season and a lot of rumours were going around that it was all due to cloud seeding. It wasn't!
According to NCMS, most of this rain happened without its aid, but the weather conditions did create more opportunities for cloud seeding.
"In the first quarter of 2016, from January to March, we had 77 operations, while in the same period in 2015 we had 17 operations," said Farrah.
Worldwide, cloud seeding has been going on for the past 50 years, but the science has never evolved or improved. With water security becoming a major worry especially in arid regions, the NCMS decided to encourage the scientific world to study this topic.
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What is an Artificial Rain?
It’s a practice of artificially inducing or increasing precipitation through clouds by adding external agents.
The foreign particles which are drenched over these clouds can beDry Ice(solid carbon dioxide), Silver Iodide, Salt powder etc. This process is known as Cloud Seeding. This stimulation is done by aeroplanes or rockets. And then finally "rain on".
Why Artificial Rain?
We know how the process of rain works. It starts from evaporating of water from the sea or any other water body. Then it travels upstream as the wind rises high in the troposphere(the bottom layer of atmosphere) causing some drops to merge and then this merging process goes on and when the thickness of the drop come in the vicinity of 0.1mm they cannot float up there anymore and finally we get bestowed by the almighty rain.
But then why do we have to tackle drought? Often there are clouds but no rain. Well, one could try to make it rain. And that’s where ARTIFICIAL RAINFALL comes along. When the temperature of clouds is close to "0" and there might be crystals of ice in it. Then water vapors do not condense to its liquid form. This is metalized by the cloud seeding and once again it rain, but this time artificially
How it is done?
Agitation : The first stage includes the use of chemicals to stimulate the air mass upwind of target area to rise and form clouds. These chemicals absorbs the water vapour and helps in the process of condensation. Chemicals like - Calcium Oxide,compound of Urea and Ammonium Nitrate or Chloride Calcium Carbonate.
Building Up Stage : In the second stage the mass of the cloud is build up by urea, dry ice, kitchen salt etc to increase the density of the clouds.
Seeding : In the final stage of persuing the artificial rain, super cool chemicals (dry ice or iodide) are bombarded with the presurized canister onto the base of the clouds to build the beads of water and make them fall as rain.
Its a simple phenomenon. Let me explain you with an example, think of a water tank with many impurities and dust particles floating over it, when you add alum to the water tank, the impurities settles down. What happens then? The particles collide with each other after adding alum as a catalyst, becomes heavy and settles down. That's how it goes up there in the clouds. The charged particles are suspended and are very small to fall down as rain. That's why an agent is sprayed over there which makes them collide and thererby it becomes heavy and falls down. kudos! you got the whole concept of artificial rain.
It’s a practice of artificially inducing or increasing precipitation through clouds by adding external agents.
The foreign particles which are drenched over these clouds can beDry Ice(solid carbon dioxide), Silver Iodide, Salt powder etc. This process is known as Cloud Seeding. This stimulation is done by aeroplanes or rockets. And then finally "rain on".
Why Artificial Rain?
We know how the process of rain works. It starts from evaporating of water from the sea or any other water body. Then it travels upstream as the wind rises high in the troposphere(the bottom layer of atmosphere) causing some drops to merge and then this merging process goes on and when the thickness of the drop come in the vicinity of 0.1mm they cannot float up there anymore and finally we get bestowed by the almighty rain.
But then why do we have to tackle drought? Often there are clouds but no rain. Well, one could try to make it rain. And that’s where ARTIFICIAL RAINFALL comes along. When the temperature of clouds is close to "0" and there might be crystals of ice in it. Then water vapors do not condense to its liquid form. This is metalized by the cloud seeding and once again it rain, but this time artificially
How it is done?
Agitation : The first stage includes the use of chemicals to stimulate the air mass upwind of target area to rise and form clouds. These chemicals absorbs the water vapour and helps in the process of condensation. Chemicals like - Calcium Oxide,compound of Urea and Ammonium Nitrate or Chloride Calcium Carbonate.
Building Up Stage : In the second stage the mass of the cloud is build up by urea, dry ice, kitchen salt etc to increase the density of the clouds.
Seeding : In the final stage of persuing the artificial rain, super cool chemicals (dry ice or iodide) are bombarded with the presurized canister onto the base of the clouds to build the beads of water and make them fall as rain.
Its a simple phenomenon. Let me explain you with an example, think of a water tank with many impurities and dust particles floating over it, when you add alum to the water tank, the impurities settles down. What happens then? The particles collide with each other after adding alum as a catalyst, becomes heavy and settles down. That's how it goes up there in the clouds. The charged particles are suspended and are very small to fall down as rain. That's why an agent is sprayed over there which makes them collide and thererby it becomes heavy and falls down. kudos! you got the whole concept of artificial rain.
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