According to strategic reference point theory managers have two basic strategic alternatives
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According to strategic reference point theory, managers choose between two basic alternative strategies. They can choose a conservative, risk-avoiding strategy that aims to protect an existing competitive advantage. ... There are three kinds of grand strategies: growth, stability, and retrenchment/recovery.
According to strategic reference point theory managers have two basic strategic alternatives
According to the political reference point theory, a manager can choose between two basic alternative policies, either he can choose a conservative risk aversion strategy that aims to protect an existing competitive advantage. Or it may opt for an aggressive risky strategy aimed at expanding a sustainable competitive advantage or creating an advantage.
Decisions to take or avoid risk in any management arrangement depend on whether top management sees the company as falling above or below the points of strategic reference.
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Communication between HR manager and Finance manager is an example of:
A. Downward communication
B. Upward communication
C. Diagonal communication
D. Horizontal communication
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Which of the following statement is not true with reference to planning ?
A. Planning enables a manager to look ahead and anticipate changes.
B. Planning does not lead to rigidity.
C. Planning is a prerequisite for controlling.
D. Planning facilitates coordination among departments and individuals in the organisation.