Question

Account for the following

1•carboxylic acids are stronger acids than phenol

2•Ketones are less reactive towards nucleophiles than aldehydes... Give Reasons

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Answer 1

Answer:

Carboxylate ion, the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid is stabilized by two equivalent resonance structures in which the negative charge is effectively delocalized between two more electronegative oxygen atoms. ... Hence, the carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenols.

Aldehydes are typically more reactive than ketones due to the following factors. ... The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes generally has more partial positive charge than in ketones due to the electron-donating nature of alkyl groups. Aldehydes only have one e- donor group while ketones have two.

Explanation:-

Aldehydes are usually more reactive toward nucleophilic substitutions than ketones because of both steric and electronic effects. ... In ketones, however, R groups are attached to both sides of the carbonyl group. Thus, steric hindrance is less in aldehydes than in ketones.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenols because the negative charge in carboxylate anion is more spread out as compared to the phenoxide ion as there are two electronegative O - atoms in carboxylate anion in comparison to one in phenoxide ion.
2. Aldehydes are usually more reactive toward nucleophilic substitutions than ketones, however, R group attached to both sides of the carbonyl group. Thus, steric hindrances is less aldehydes than in ketones.

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