achievements and challenges during Manmohan Singh tenure
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Manmohan Singh is an Indian economist and politician who served as the Prime Minister of India for two consecutive terms (2004–09 and 2009–14).[1] He held prominent posts in different organizations and received several honors for his work even before beginning his political career.[2] He held various posts such as advisor to the Foreign Trade Ministry, Chief Economic Advisor in the Ministry of Finance (India), Governor of Reserve Bank of India, and Head of the Planning Commission.[3] As the Finance Minister in the P. V. Narasimha Rao government in the 1990s, he carried out several structural reforms that liberalised India's economy.[4] Singh was re-elected as the Prime Minister in 2009. He is the only prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru, to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. Singh is also the first and only Sikh to hold the office.
Born on September 26, 1932 in Gah (British India) Singh received his early education from the Hindu College, Amritsar where his family migrated after the Partition of India. From 1966 to 1969, he worked for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Later, Singh worked as a Professor of International Trade at the Delhi School of Economics from 1969 to 1971. In 1972, he was appointed as the Chief Economic Adviser to the Ministry of Finance and in 1976, he became a Secretary in the Ministry of Finance. From 1980 to 1982, he worked for the Planning Commission of India.[5] He served as the Governor of Reserve Bank of India from September 16, 1982 to January 14, 1985.[6]
In 1985, he was appointed as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India, a post he held till 1987. From 1987 to 1990, he worked as the Secretary General of the South Commission, an independent economic think-tank based in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1990, he became the Adviser on Economic Affairs to the Prime Minister, following his return to India. In 1991, he became the Chairman of the University Grants Commission (UGC). In 1991, Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao appointed him as the Finance Minister of India, in his government - a post Singh held until 1996. As the Finance Minister of India, he was successful in implementing economic reforms that aimed at enhancing the productivity and liberalization of the economy.
Singh was first elected to the upper house of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991 by the legislature of the state of Assam and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007. In 2004 General Elections, Indian National Congress party joined hands with the allies, formed the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and defeated BJP. Congress leader, Sonia Gandhi recommended Singh’s name for the post of Prime Minister and on May 22, 2004, he became the 14th Prime Minister of India. In 2009, UPA was again successful in forming the government in the 15th Lok Sabha elections and he was re-elected as the Prime Minister of India on 22 May 2009
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